European Language Monitor (ELM 3) Questionnaire 2013 results

1.1 List each official language in your country, and mark if the language is officially used nationalwide or in certain regions of the country.

Language 1: German

Use:: National

1.2 What percentage of the population uses the language as a first language?

Use in percentages:: >75%

1.3 In what language(s) are the Constitution and laws in your country written?

Language 1: German

1.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.4 Are there languages, other than the official languages you mentioned under 1.2, that can be used in regional courts, regional parliaments, and/or regional administrations?

Yes

Yes No N/A

1.4.1 Which languages?

1.0: Upper Sorbian

2.0: Lower Sorbian

3.0: Danish

1.4.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and in english)

Original language: Bundesgesetz vom 09.07.1998 zur Europäischen Charta der Regional- oder Minderheitensprachen. Bundesministerium des Innern (Hg.) 2010: Nationale Minderheiten in Deutschland. 3. Aufl., Berlin.

English translation: Federal act of 09.07.1998 concerning the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages. Brochure on indigenous minorities in Germany, edideted by the Federal Ministry of the Interior in 2010.

1.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.4: There are three more languages to be considered under 1.4: North Frisian,Saterland Frisian and Low German (Plattdütsch). The use of these five languages is officially accepted in certain regions for limited purposes. It is not clear whether they should be considered as official languages according to ELM criteria.

1.5 Are there other autochthonous (indigenous) languages in your country, not mentioned in your answers to questions 1.1 to 1.4?

Yes

Yes No N/A

1.5.1 Which languages?

1.0: Romanes / Romany

1.5.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and inenglish)

Original language: See the source given in 1.4

1.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.5: Romanes or Romany is the language of the ethnic groups of the German Sinti and Roma (60000 to 80000 speakers). It is an officially recognised not territorially bound minority language.

1.6 Which are the three main languages (in terms of number of users) spoken by first- and second-generation immigrants in your country?

1.0: Turkish

2.0: Italian

3.0: Polish

1.6.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.6: Since the German authorities ask only for the nationality of the immigrants, not for their native language, only estimates on immigrant languages and numbers of their speakers can be given.

1.7(a) Except for your own country, in which other countries of the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

Country 1: Austria

Country 2: Belgium (regional)

Country 3: Luxembourg

Country 4: Italy (regional)

1.7(b) In which countries outside the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

Country 1 (outside the European Union): Switzerland

Country 2 (outside the European Union): Liechtenstein

Country 3 (outside the European Union): Namibia (regional)

1.7(c) Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.7: In Namibia, German is officially recognised as one of several regional languages.

1.8 Has your country ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages?

Yes

Yes No N/A

1.8.1 Which regional and/or minority languages does your country officially recognise?

Danish, Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Low German, Romanes/Romany.

1.8.2 What reservations concerning the charter were raised by your country?

The official recognition of the first five minority languages is limited to single "Länder" (federal states). Romanes (Romany)is respected as a minority language in the entire territory of Germany.

1.8.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.9 Has your country signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities?

Yes

Yes No N/A

1.9.1 What provisions relating to this Convention were made by your country?

National minorities in the Federal Republic of Germany are the Danes of German citizenship and the members of the Sorbian ethnic Group with German citizenbship. The Framewwork Conventiona is also applied to the members of the other ethnic groups traditionaly resident in Germany, i.e. the Frisians of German citizenbship and the Sinti and Roma of German citizenship

1.9.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.1 Does the Constitution of your country state what the official/national/main languages are?

No

Yes No N/A

2.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the Constitution in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.1.3 Comments on 2.1.1

2.2 Is there a language law stipulating what language is (or what languages are) to be used in official matters?

No

Yes No N/A

2.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the language law(s) in the original language and in English including the exact reference.

2.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.2.3 Comments on 2.2.1

2.2.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.3 Is there any legislation other than the Constitution or a language law that defines the use of language(s) in government, public administration and/or judiciary institutions?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.3.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Original language: a) "Die Amtssprache ist deutsch." Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz des Bundes vom 25. Mai 1976, § 23. (Analoge Gesetze der Länder schreiben ebenfalls Deutsch als offizielle Sprache der öffentlichen Verwaltung vor.)/
b) "Die Gerichtssprache ist deutsch. Das Recht der Sorben, in den Heimatkreisen der sorbischen Bevölkerung vor Gericht sorbisch zu sprechen, ist gewährleistet." Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz vom 19. April 2006, $ 184.

English translation: a) The official language is German. Act of administrative procedures of 25 May, 1976 for the institutions of the federal administration, § 23. (Analagous laws of the "Länder" also stipulate German as the official language of public administration.)
b) German is the official language in court. The Sorbs' right to speak the Sorbian language in court in the regions they usually live in is warranted. Constitution of judicial procedures of 19 April 2006, § 184.

2.3.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.3.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.3: The quoted articles are not part of the constitution, but of special laws, as indicated.

2.4 Does your country have a compulsory test or examination that includes a language test in (one of) the national/official language(s) which has to be passed in order to obtain citizenship?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: "Ein Ausländer, der seit acht Jahren rechtmäßig seinen gewöhnlichen Aufenthalt im Inland hat und handlungsfähig nach Maßgabe des § 80 des Aufenthaltsgesetzes oder gesetzlich vertreten ist, ist auf Antrag einzubürgern, wenn er ...6. über ausreichende Kenntnisse der deutschen Sprache verfügt. Die Voraussetzungen des Absatzes 1 Satz 1 Nr. 6 liegen vor, wenn der Ausländer die Anforderungen der Sprachprüfung zum Zertifikat Deutsch (B1 des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmens für Sprachen) in mündlicher und schriftlicher Form erfüllt."

Quotation in English: A foreign national who has lawfully passed eight years of usual residence within Germany and who is capable of acting according to the requirements of % 80 of the law of residence or represented by a statuory agent has to be nationalized on his/her application if he/she ... 6. has a sufficient competence of the German language. ... The pre-conditions of paragraph no. 6 are given, when the foreign national meets the requirements of the "Certificate German" (level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) orally and in written form.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz vom 1. Juni 2012 (letzte Fassung) / Act of Citizenship of 1 June 2012 (latest version), § 10.

2.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

2.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.5 Does your country offer instruction with regard to which national/official language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain citizenship?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.5.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: "(1) Die Integration von rechtmäßig auf Dauer im Bundesgebiet lebenden Ausländern in das wirtschaftliche, kulturelle und gesellschaftliche Leben in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird gefördert und gefordert.
(2) Eingliederungsbemühungen von Ausländern werden durch ein Grundangebot zur Integration (Integrationskurs) unterstützt. Ziel des Integrationskurses ist, den Ausländern die Sprache, die Rechtsordnung, die Kultur und die Geschichte in Deutschland erfolgreich zu vermitteln. Ausländer sollen dadurch mit den Lebensverhältnissen im Bundesgebiet so weit vertraut werden, dass sie ohne die Hilfe oder Vermittlung Dritter in allen Angelegenheiten des täglichen Lebens selbständig handeln können.
(3) Der Integrationskurs umfasst einen Basis und einen Aufbausprachkurs von jeweils gleicher Dauer zur Erlangung ausreichender Sprachkenntnisse sowie einen Orientierungskurs zur Vermittlung von Kenntnissen der Rechtsordnung, der Kultur und der Geschichte in Deutschland. Der Integrationskurs wird vom Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge koordiniert und durchgeführt, das sich hierzu privater oder öffentlicher Träger bedienen kann. Für die Teilnahme am Integrationskurs sollen Kosten in angemessenem Umfang unter Berücksichtigung der Leistungsfähigkeit erhoben werden.
(4) Die Bundesregierung wird ermächtigt, nähere Einzelheiten des Integrationskurses, insbesondere die Grundstruktur, die Dauer, die Lerninhalte und die Durchführung der Kurse, die Vorgaben bezüglich der Auswahl und Zulassung der Kursträger sowie die Voraussetzungen und die Rahmenbedingungen für die ordnungsgemäße und erfolgreiche Teilnahme und die Bescheinigung einschließlich der Kostentragung sowie die erforderliche Datenübermittlung zwischen den beteiligten Stellen durch eine Rechtsverordnung ohne Zustimmung des Bundesrates zu regeln."

Quotation in English: (1) The integration of foreign persons who live legally and long-lasting in the German federal territory into the economic, cultural and social life of the Federal Republic of Germany is encouraged and required.
(2) Individual efforts of integration are supported by a basic offer of integration (course of integration). The intention of this course of integration is to impart the language, legal order, culture and history of Germany to the foreign nationals. Foreign persons should become acquainted with the living conditions in the federal territory in such a way as to enable them to act independently and without the assistance or intervention of a third person in everyday affairs.
(3) The course of integration implies a basic language course and an advanced training language course to attain a sufficient knowledge of the German language as well as a course of orientation concerning the legal order, culture and history in Germany. The course of integration is coordinated and executed by the Federal Office of Migration and Refugees which can use private and official funds to finance this project. For the participation of the course of integration the foreign nationals should pay their contribution at the appropriate rate in consideration of their service capability.
(4) The Federal Government is empowered to arange the details of the course of integration, particularly the basic structure, the duration, the data content and the execution of the course, the requirements concerning selection and permission of the responsible bodies as well as the conditions and framework requirements of a correct and successful participation and the certification including the absorption of costs as well as the required data transfer between the involved institutions via a regulation without the accordance of the Bundesrat.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Aufenthaltsgesetz vom 30 Juli 2004, § 43 / Act of Residence of 30 July 2004, § 43.

2.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

2.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.5: The conditions for the support of integration are further specified in §§ 44 and 45 of the Act of Residence (Aufenthaltsgesetz).

2.6 Does your country have a compulsory examination or test with regard to which (one of the) national language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain permanent residency (i.e. without becoming a citizen of your country)?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.6.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: "§ 9 Niederlassungserlaubnis
Die Niederlassungserlaubnis ist ein unbefristeter Aufenthaltstitel. Einem Ausländer ist die Niederlassungserlaubnis zu erteilen, wenn
(…)
7. er über ausreichende Kenntnisse der deutschen Sprache verfügt.
Die Voraussetzungen des Satzes 1 Nr. 7 sind nachgewiesen, wenn ein Integrationskurs erfolgreich abgeschlossen wurde.Von diesen Voraussetzungen wird abgesehen, wenn der Ausländer sie wegen einer körperlichen, geistigen oder seelischen Krankheit oder Behinderung nicht erfüllen kann."

Quotation in English: § 9 Residence permit
The residence permit is an open-ended residence title. The residence permit has to be given to a foreign national, if
(…)
7. he has a sufficient competence of the German language.
The conditions of sentence 1 no. 7 are met when he passed successfully an integration course. This concition is disregarded when it cannot be met by the foreign national because of a physical or mental desease or handicap.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Aufenthaltsgesetz vom 30 Juli 2004, §9 / Law of residence of 30 July 2004, §9.

2.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

2.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.7 Does the government of your country provide instruction, with regard to which (one of the) national/official language(s) have to be masted in order to obtain permanent residency?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.7.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Siehe das Zitat zu 2.5.1

(2) Eingliederungsbemühungen von Ausländern werden durch ein Grundangebot zur Integration (Integrationskurs) unterstützt. Ziel des Integrationskurses ist, den Ausländern die Sprache, die Rechtsordnung, die Kultur und die Geschichte in Deutschland erfolgreich zu vermitteln. ...

Quotation in English: See the quote at 2.5.1

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Aufenthaltsgesetz vom 30. Juli 2004, § 43 Integrationskurs / Act of Residence of 30 July 2004, § 43 Integration course.

2.7.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

2.7.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

§ 43 of the Act of Residence quoted at 2.5.1 applies here as well.

3.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as a medium of instruction in primary schools?

No

Yes No N/A

3.1.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.1.2 Please state which languages are used as mediums of language instruction.

mainly German (see comment below)

3.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.1: The main medium of instruction is German. Instruction in English, sometimes French, is offered at most primary schools. In these classes, English or French are sometimes also used as media of instruction.

3.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in primary schools?

No

Yes No N/A

3.2.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.2: The official curricula and regulations concerning the learning and use of languages in primary and secondary education differ between the 16 "Länder" (Federal States); however, they have no legal status.

3.3 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

No

Yes No N/A

3.3.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.3.2 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

mainly German (see comment)

3.3.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.3.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.3: The dominant language of instruction on all levels of secondary education is German. In foreign language education, the language to be learned is frequently used also as language of instruction. Some public schools also offer instruction in English, French or Spanish in selected subjects other than foreign languages courses (CLIL content and language integrated learning). At the few, mostly private binational and international schools, languages such as English and French are used beside German als languages of instruction.

3.4 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

No

Yes No N/A

3.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.4: See comment related to 3.2

4.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official langauge(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction at university level?

No

Yes No N/A

4.1.1 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

German, English

4.1.2 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.1: The main language of instruction is German, especially in the humanities. In some social sciences, the natural sciences and medicine some lectures and courses are given in English. This differs, however, from one university to the next. A few private universities offer all or most of their courses in English.

4.2 Are there any (national, regional, local, or other) regulations about the language in which bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral courses and programs should be taught?

No

Yes No N/A

4.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the language of instruction in university research programs?

Yes

Yes No N/A

4.2.2 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

see comment

4.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.2: Each of the more than 100 universities and university-like institutions has its own regulations. Most of these regulations do not concern the language of instruction, but the language use for masters' theses or doctoral dissertations. See 4.3

4.3 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.3.1 What percentage of the master’s programs in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.3.2 What percentage of the master’s programs for the humanities in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.3.3 What percentage of the master’s programs for social sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.3.4 What percentage of the master’s programs for mathematics and natural sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 26-50%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.3.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.3: Since the various universities differ in their language use for instruction, the data given are but rough estimations.

4.4 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.4.1 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in your country that are written in English?

Between 26-50%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.4.2 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the humanities in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.4.3 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the social sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 26-50%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.4.4 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the mathematics and natural sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 51-75%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.4.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.4: Only rough estimates can be given, because there are no national statistics.

4.5 Are there any regulations about the language in which a PhD (doctoral) dissertation should be written?

Yes

Yes No N/A

4.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 3 Beispiele:
Universität Heidelberg

1. Naturwissenschaftlich-mathematische Fakultät
§ 7, 3. Die Dissertation ist grundsätzlich in deutscher oder englischer Sprache abzufassen. In besonderen Ausnahmefällen wird der Promotionsausschuss prüfen, ob eine andere Sprache genehmigt werden kann.

2. Fakultät für Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaften
§ 8, 2. Die Dissertation ist in der Regel in deutscher, englischer oder französischer Sprache abzufassen. Der Promotionsausschuss kann auf schriftlichen Antrag gestatten, eine in einer anderen Sprache geschriebene Dissertation vorzulegen.

3. Philosophische Fakultät
§ 7, 3. Die Dissertation ist in der Regel in deutscher, lateinischer, englischer oder französischer Sprache abzufassen.

Universität Bonn

1. Naturwissenschaftlich-mathematische Fakultät
§ 8, 2. Die Dissertation kann in deutscher oder englischer Sprache abgefasst werden. Mit Genehmi-
gung des Promotionsausschusses ist auch eine andere Sprache zulässig.

2. Philosophische Fakultät
§ 11, 2. Die Dissertation ist in deutscher oder englischer Sprache abzufassen.
Freie Universität Berlin

1. Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
§ 7, 3. Die Dissertation ist in deutscher oder englischer Sprache abzufassen.

2. Philosophische Fakultät
§ 7, 2. Die Promotionsleistung ist auf deutscher, englischer oder auf Antrag in einer anderen Wissenschaftssprache abzufassen.

3. Fakultät für Politik und Sozialwissenschaften
§ 16, 4. Die Arbeit kann in Deutsch, Englisch oder auf Antrag in einer anderen Wissenschaftssprache verfasst werden und muss ggf. neben der deutschen und englischen Zusammenfassung eine Zusammenfassung in der dritten Sprache enthalten.

Quotation in English: 3 Examples:
University of Heidelberg
1. Faculty of natural sciences and mathematics
§ 7, 3. The dissertation has to be on principle written in German or English. In special exceptional cases, the doctoral committee will consider if another language can be allowed.

2. Faculty of business and social sciences
§ 8, 2. As a rule, the dissertation has to be written in German or English. Upon request in written form, the doctoral committee can give the permission to submit a dissertation written in another foreign language.

3. Faculty of philosophy
§ 7, 3. As a rule, the dissertation has to be written in German, English, Latin or French.

University of Bonn

1. Faculty of natural sciences and mathematics
§ 8, 2. The dissertation can be written in German or English. With the permission of the doctoral committee another languages can also be accepted.

2. Faculty of philosophy
§ 11, 2. The dissertation has to be written in German or English.
Free University of Berlin

1. Faculty of natural sciences
§ 7, 3. The dissertation has to be written in the German or the English language.

2. Faculty of philosophy
§ 7, 2. The dissertation has to be written in German, English or, upon application, in another language of sciences.

3. Faculty of politics and social sciences
§ 16, 4. The dissertation can be written in German, English or, upon application, in another language of sciences . A summary in German, English and also in the used third language must be added.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Quotes from the procedural rules for obtaining a doctorate of the three selected universities.

4.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation autorized?

Not authorized

4.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.5: The regulations differ from one university to the next, at some universities from one department or faculty to the other. The quotes above are but randomly chosen examples.

4.6 If PhD dissertations can be written In English, is it compulsory to add a summary in the official language or one of the official languages of your country?

No

Yes No N/A

4.6.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

4.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.6: A summary in German is stiputated at some universities and/or their faculties, at some it is optinonal, at other neither oligatory nor optional.

4.7 Are there any established scientific journals in your country partly or fully published in the official language(s)?

Yes

Yes No N/A

4.7.1 In what scientific fields are those journals?

4.7.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.7: In the social sciences, there are many journals published in German
or at least to a large part in German. Some examples are:
Zeitschrift für Soziologie
Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie
Soziale Welt
However, sociological journals in English are also quite popular. Highly specific journals are almost always published in English language.

It is difficult to give a comprising appreciation of journals in the humanities, because this field rather heterogeneous. In general we can summarize that the German language is still important for publications in European historical and cultural studies and philosophy. In journals of highly specialized fields, however, the English language is dominant.

In scientific journals in mathematics and natural sciences the English language is clearly dominant. For example, the university library of Heidelberg obtains 154 journals in physics, only 26 of them in German.

4.8 Do foreign students who wish to sign up for a course (conducted in your country’s official language) at a university in your country have to pass a language proficiency test (in your country´s official language) prior to registration?

Yes

Yes No N/A

4.8.1 How many universities selected under 4.3 require foreign students (seeking to sign up for a course conducted in your country’s official language) to pass a special language proficiency test (in your country’s official language) prior to registration?

4.8.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.8: There is no regulation at the national level, however most universities require a compulsory language test or certificate for German for foreign students who want to study in programmes that are taught in the national/official language

5.1 Are there any daily papers written in a language other than your country’s official language(s) that are produced in your country and distributed nationwide or in a substantial part of the nation?

No

Yes No N/A

5.1.1 Please list the papers.

5.1.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

There are special editions of Turkish dailies for the German market, but mostly produced in Turkey. Daylies in other languages are imported. Journals in the indigenous minority language appear as weeklies or monthlies.

5.2 Has/have the official language(s) of your country a declared status as a medium of communication in the public service contracts with radio and/or TV broadcasters in your country?

No

Yes No N/A

5.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

5.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

5.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 5.2: News and other verbal parts of the programmes are usually broadcasted in German. “Deutsche Welle”, a radio and TV station with international distribution, broadcasts in a great variety of languages.

5.3 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for adults?

5.3.1 Broadcast in original language

Rarely/never

5.3.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.3.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Mostly/always

5.3.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Sometimes

5.3.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Sometimes

5.3.6 Other:

5.3.7 Other:

5.4 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for children?

5.4.1 Broadcast in original language

Sometimes

5.4.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.4.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Mostly/always

5.4.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Rarely/never

5.4.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.4.6 Other:

5.4.7 Other:

5.4.8 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 5.3: There are plenty of DVDs of films on sale that can be seen an heard in several languages.

5.5 Is there any legal/official regulation in your country concerning the amount of radio broadcasting popular and folk vocal music in the official language(s)?

No

Yes No N/A

5.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

5.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

5.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.1 Is there a legal/official regulation in your country concerning the use of languages in industry, commerce, business or other working environments?

No

Yes No N/A

6.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

6.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

6.1.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 6.1: The annual balance sheets of companies with a seat in Germany must be published (also) in German.

6.2 In which languages are the companies´ annual reports written in your country? List the ten largest companies (by number of employees). The companies should have their main location in your country and be a major employer.

Company name and status:: Volkswagen P

Rated use of languages:: 1. German, 2. English

Company name and status:: Daimler P

Rated use of languages:: 1. German, 2. English

Company name and status:: Siemens P

Rated use of languages:: 1. English, 2. German

Company name and status:: E.ON P

Rated use of languages:: 1. German, 2. English

Company name and status:: Metro P

Rated use of languages:: 1. German, 2. English

Company name and status:: Deutsche Post PSO

Rated use of languages:: 1. German, 2. English

Company name and status:: Deutsche Telekom P

Rated use of languages:: 1. German, 2. English

Company name and status:: BASF P

Rated use of languages:: 1. German, 2. English

Company name and status:: BMW P

Rated use of languages:: 1. English, 2. German

Company name and status:: Thyssen-Krupp

Rated use of languages:: 1. German, 2. English

6.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 6.2: Among other large Germann companies, Lufthansa uses only English as official language, Porsche only German (English ohnly for business with foreign countries)