European Language Monitor (ELM 3) Questionnaire 2013 results

1.1 List each official language in your country, and mark if the language is officially used nationalwide or in certain regions of the country.

Language 1: Hungarian

Use:: National

1.2 What percentage of the population uses the language as a first language?

Use in percentages:: >75%

1.3 In what language(s) are the Constitution and laws in your country written?

Language 1: Hungarian

1.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.3: „Magyarországon a hivatalos nyelv a magyar.” - Magyarország Alkotmánya, H cikk, 1. bekezdés

„In Hungary the official language shall be Hungarian.” – Article H (1), The Fundamental Law of Hungary

The Constitution was written in Hungarian but is also available in English, French and German languages. The laws are written in Hungarian, but are available also in English and German languages. The Hungarian Rules of Law in Force are available on-line at “http://www.complex.hu/CompLex-CD-HMJ@77_170_kiadvany.html”.

1.4 Are there languages, other than the official languages you mentioned under 1.2, that can be used in regional courts, regional parliaments, and/or regional administrations?

Yes

Yes No N/A

1.4.1 Which languages?

1.0: 14 languages - see comments

1.4.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and in english)

Original language: Quotation from the Act:
51. § (1) A Magyar Köztársaságban anyanyelvét bárki mindenkor és mindenhol szabadon használhatja. A kisebbségek nyelvhasználatának feltételeit - külön törvényben meghatározott esetekben - az állam biztosítani köteles.
(2) A polgári és büntetőeljárások során, valamint a közigazgatási eljárásokban az anyanyelv használatát a vonatkozó eljárásjogi törvények biztosítják.
52. § (1) Az Országgyűlésben a kisebbséghez tartozó képviselő az anyanyelvét is használhatja.
(2) A helyi önkormányzat képviselő-testületében a kisebbségi képviselő anyanyelvét is használhatja. Ha a felszólalás valamely kisebbség nyelvén hangzott el, a felszólalás magyar nyelvű szövegét vagy tartalmi kivonatát az ülés jegyzőkönyvéhez csatolni kell.
(3) Ha a településen kisebbséghez tartozó személyek élnek, a képviselő-testület jegyzőkönyveit és határozatait a magyar mellett az adott kisebbség nyelvén is vezettetheti, illetőleg szövegeztetheti. Értelmezési vita esetén a magyar nyelvű változat a hiteles.
53. § A települési önkormányzat az illetékességi területén működő helyi kisebbségi önkormányzat igényének megfelelően köteles biztosítani, hogy
a) rendeletének kihirdetése, hirdetményének közzététele - a magyar mellett - a kisebbség anyanyelvén is megtörténjék;
b) a közigazgatási eljárás során használt nyomtatványok a kisebbség anyanyelvén is rendelkezésre álljanak;
c) a helység és utcaneveket megjelölő, a közhivatalok, közszolgáltatást végző szervek elnevezését feltüntető táblák feliratai vagy ezek működésére vonatkozó közlemények - a magyar nyelvű szövegezés és írásmód mellett, azzal azonos tartalommal és formában - a kisebbség anyanyelvén is olvashatóak legyenek.
54. § Azon a településen, ahol kisebbséghez tartozó lakosság él, a helyi köztisztviselői és közalkalmazotti állások betöltése során - az általános szakmai követelmények megtartása mellett - biztosítani kell az adott kisebbség anyanyelvét is ismerő személy alkalmazását.

English translation: In English:
Article 51: (1) In the Republic of Hungary everybody may freely use his/her mother tongue wherever and whenever s/he wishes to do so. The conditions of the language use of minorities - in cases provided for by a separate law - must be guaranteed by the state.
(2) In the course of civil or criminal proceedings, or in administrative procedures the use of the mother tongue is ensured by the applicable procedural acts.
Article 52: (1) In the National Assembly, MPs belonging to minorities may also use their mother tongue.
(2) On the board of representatives of the municipal government, a minority representative may also use his/her mother tongue. If the contribution is made in the language of a minority, the Hungarian translation of the contribution or a summary of its contents will be enclosed to the minutes of the meeting.
(3) If, from among the population of a settlement, there are people who belong to a minority, the minutes and resolutions of the board of representatives may also be recorded or worded in the mother tongue of the given minority - as well as appearing in Hungarian. In the event of disputes over the interpretation, the Hungarian version is deemed to be authentic.
Article 53: At the request of the minority self-government operating on the territory under its authority, the municipal government must ensure that
a) the announcement of its regulations and the publication of its announcements are made in the language of the minority - in addition to the Hungarian language;
b) the forms used in the course of administrative procedures are also available in the language of the minority;
c) signs bearing the names of settlements and streets, public offices, and companies undertaking public services, or announcements relating to their operations - in addition to the Hungarian wording and lettering, with the same content and form - may also be read in the mother tongue of the minority.
Article 54: In settlements where there are people who belong to minorities, the local authorities will ensure that in the course of filling vacancies in local public services, candidates with a knowledge of the mother tongue of the given minority will be employed, provided that these people meet the general professional requirements.

1.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.4: the 14 languages:
Language 1 Armenian
Language 2 Boyash
Language 3 Bulgarian
Language 4 Croatian
Language 5 German
Language 6 Greek
Language 7 Polish
Language 8 Romani
Language 9 Romanian
Language 10 Ruthenian
Language 11 Serbian
Language 12 Slovak
Language 13 Slovene
Language 14 Ukrainian

1.5 Are there other autochthonous (indigenous) languages in your country, not mentioned in your answers to questions 1.1 to 1.4?

No

Yes No N/A

1.5.1 Which languages?

1.5.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and inenglish)

1.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.6 Which are the three main languages (in terms of number of users) spoken by first- and second-generation immigrants in your country?

1.0: Romanian

2.0: German

3.0: Serbian

1.6.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.6: The number and percentage of the the population belonging to the most significant immigrant groups are: Romanians (76.878, 37 %), Germans (20.232, 9 %), Serbians (16.301, 9 %), Ukrainians (16.537, 9 %), Chinese (11.829, 6 %) and Slovaks (3 %).

From: Csilla Bartha: Hungary. In: Guus Extra and Kutlay Yağmur (eds.) Language rich Europe. Trends in policies and practices for multilingualism in Europe. Cambridge University Press, 138

Also in: http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/stattukor/nemzvand/nemzvand09.pdf

1.7(a) Except for your own country, in which other countries of the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

Country 1: Slovakia – can be used in local official communication

Country 2: Romania – can be used in local official communication

Country 3: Austria – can be used in local official communication

Country 4: Slovenia – can be used in local official communication

1.7(b) In which countries outside the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

Country 1 (outside the European Union): Serbia – can be used in local official communication

Country 2 (outside the European Union): Ukraine – can be used in local official communication

1.7(c) Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.8 Has your country ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages?

Yes

Yes No N/A

1.8.1 Which regional and/or minority languages does your country officially recognise?

The Act LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities recognises the following languages as official minority languages of Hungary:
Armenian, Boyash, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian

1.8.2 What reservations concerning the charter were raised by your country?

Hungary did not make reservations concerning the charter, only declarations. These were laid down in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 26 April 1995. The declarations were applied in case of the following 6 languages: Croatian, German, Romanian, Serbian, Slovakian and Slovenian. Other minority languages were treated by the general provisions of the Charter.

1.8.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.8: Hungary did not make reservations concerning the charter, only declarations. These were laid down in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 26 April 1995. The declarations were applied in case of the following 6 languages: Croatian, German, Romanian, Serbian, Slovakian and Slovenian. Other minority languages were treated by the general provisions of the Charter.http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=1&DF=&CL=ENG&VL=1

1.9 Has your country signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities?

Yes

Yes No N/A

1.9.1 What provisions relating to this Convention were made by your country?

Main provisions were made in the field of religion, mother tongue and ethnic nationality.

1.9.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.9: The Acts reflecting on the Framework Convention are the following:
1.) Act XX of 1949 on the Constitution of the Republic of Hungary as amended several times
2.) Act LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities as amended several times
3.) CXIV of 2005 on the Election of Minority Self-Government Representatives and the Amendment of Certain Acts concerning National and Ethnic Minorities
4.) Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and Promotion of Equal Opportunities
5.) Government Decree 362/2004 (XII. 26.) on the Equal Treatment Authority and the Detailed Rules of its Procedure

2.1 Does the Constitution of your country state what the official/national/main languages are?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the Constitution in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Original language: „Magyarországon a hivatalos nyelv a magyar.” Magyarország Alaptörvénye, H cikk

English translation: „In Hungary the official language shall be Hungarian.” – Article H (1), The Fundamental Law of Hungary

2.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.1.3 Comments on 2.1.1

2.2 Is there a language law stipulating what language is (or what languages are) to be used in official matters?

No

Yes No N/A

2.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the language law(s) in the original language and in English including the exact reference.

2.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.2.3 Comments on 2.2.1

2.2.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.3 Is there any legislation other than the Constitution or a language law that defines the use of language(s) in government, public administration and/or judiciary institutions?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.3.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Original language: The Act LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities guaranties special rights of minority languages regarding to their usage in special registers, mainly in domains of official language use.

2.3.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.3.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.3: see comment 1.4

2.4 Does your country have a compulsory test or examination that includes a language test in (one of) the national/official language(s) which has to be passed in order to obtain citizenship?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: . §, 3. bekezdés: Az (1) bekezdés b) és d) pontjában meghatározott feltételek fennállása esetén - kérelmére - kedvezményesen honosítható az a nem magyar állampolgár, akinek felmenője magyar állampolgár volt vagy valószínűsíti magyarországi származását, és magyar nyelvtudását igazolja

Quotation in English: Article 4, section 3: “In the case of meeting the conditions set out in points b) and d) of paragraph (1) a nonHungarian citizen whose ascendant was a Hungarian citizen, or who demonstrates the plausibility of his or her descent from Hungary and provides proof of his or her knowledge of the Hungarian language may – on his or her request – be naturalized on preferential terms”

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): --

2.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

N/A

2.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.4: The ACT LV of 1993 on Hungarian Citizenship states that one has to prove his knowledge of the Hungarian language. The proof of the knowledge of the Hungarian language can be a test passed on the premises of the Hungarian Immigration and Citizenship Bureau or a certificate of a language exam or any certification of attendance of a school in Hungarian language.

2.5 Does your country offer instruction with regard to which national/official language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain citizenship?

Yes

Yes No N/A

2.5.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Az (1) bekezdés b) és d) pontjában meghatározott feltételek fennállása esetén - kérelmére - kedvezményesen honosítható az a nem magyar állampolgár, akinek felmenője magyar állampolgár volt vagy valószínűsíti magyarországi származását, és magyar nyelvtudását igazolja.

Quotation in English: “In the case of meeting the conditions set out in points b) and d) of paragraph (1) a nonHungarian citizen whose ascendant was a Hungarian citizen, or who demonstrates the plausibility of his or her descent from Hungary and provides proof of his or her knowledge of the Hungarian language may – on his or her request – be naturalized on preferential terms”

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Act LV of 1993 on Hungarian Citizenship
Article 4, section 3

2.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Authorized

2.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.6 Does your country have a compulsory examination or test with regard to which (one of the) national language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain permanent residency (i.e. without becoming a citizen of your country)?

No

Yes No N/A

2.6.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.7 Does the government of your country provide instruction, with regard to which (one of the) national/official language(s) have to be masted in order to obtain permanent residency?

No

Yes No N/A

2.7.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.7.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.7.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as a medium of instruction in primary schools?

No

Yes No N/A

3.1.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.1.2 Please state which languages are used as mediums of language instruction.

Hungarian. In minority schools the language of the given minority listed in the Act LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities (Armenian, Boyash, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian - see section 1.9.1.).

3.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

n/a

3.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.1: Regulations on the language of the minority education are set in the “Ministry of Culture and Education Decree 32/1997 (XI. 5) on the Issuance of the Guidelines for the Pre-school Instruction of National and Ethnic Minorities and the School Education of National and Ethnic Minorities”

3.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in primary schools?

Yes

Yes No N/A

3.2.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Act CXC of 2011 on National Public Education

Also:
Act LXXIX of 1993 on Education
Ministry of Culture and Education Decree 32/1997 (XI. 5) on the Issuance of the Guidelines for the Pre-school Instruction of National and Ethnic Minorities and the School Education of National and Ethnic Minorities

3.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

n/a

3.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.2: NO – for the education of the majority in the language of the majority
YES – for the education of the minorities in the language of the minorities

3.3 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

Yes

Yes No N/A

3.3.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): The Act LXXIX of 1993 on Education contains passages about the secondary schools.

3.3.2 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

3.3.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.3.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.3: NO – for the education of the majority in the language of the majority
YES – for the education of the minorities in the language of the minorities

The official language of the education (instruction) is the Hungarian language. Languages other then Hungarian can be used as the language of education only in minority education.

3.4 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

No

Yes No N/A

3.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official langauge(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction at university level?

No

Yes No N/A

4.1.1 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

hungarian

4.1.2 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.1: Sources
Act LXXX of 1993 on Higher Education
Source of the comment: Csilla Bartha: Hungary. In: Guus Extra and Kutlay Yağmur (eds.) Language rich Europe. Trends in policies and practices for multilingualism in Europe. Cambridge University Press, 138-146.

Comments relating to 4.1
In some universities, there are specialized language lessons (e.g. legal English), and every university offers (optional) courses where the language of the instruction is a foreign language (mainly English, German and French). Certain universities (especially those specialized in medicine, economics and engineering) provide their whole (fee-paying) tuition period in a foreign language, thus trying to attract foreign students to come to Hungary

4.2 Are there any (national, regional, local, or other) regulations about the language in which bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral courses and programs should be taught?

No

Yes No N/A

4.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the language of instruction in university research programs?

No

Yes No N/A

4.2.2 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.3 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.3.1 What percentage of the master’s programs in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.3.2 What percentage of the master’s programs for the humanities in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.3.3 What percentage of the master’s programs for social sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.3.4 What percentage of the master’s programs for mathematics and natural sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.3.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.3: The language of the education is Hungarian. Only special courses are thought in English – mostly for foreign students.

4.4 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.4.1 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.4.2 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the humanities in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.4.3 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the social sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.4.4 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the mathematics and natural sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer

Between 0-25%

Between 26-50%

Between 51-75%

More than 75%

4.4.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.4: The language of the PhD dissertation is regulated by the Universities or their Doctoral Schools. Dissertations submitted in other language than Hungarian must be justified by the particular scientific community.

4.5 Are there any regulations about the language in which a PhD (doctoral) dissertation should be written?

Yes

Yes No N/A

4.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: (2) A doktori értekezés nyelve magyar. Idegen nyelvű értekezés csak a Tanács külön engedélyével és magasabb összegű eljárási díj befizetésével nyújtható be.

Quotation in English: (2) The doctoral thesis shall be written in the Hungarian language. A thesis in a foreign
language may be submitted only with special permission from the Board and on
payment of a higher procedural fee.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): 26.§ (2) of the Doctoral and Habilitation Board of the Doctoral School of the Faculty of Law, University of Pécs

4.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation autorized?

Authorized

4.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.5: some universities require PhD-thesis to be written in Hungarian

4.6 If PhD dissertations can be written In English, is it compulsory to add a summary in the official language or one of the official languages of your country?

No

Yes No N/A

4.6.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

4.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.6: There is no act regulating the language of the summary. Special normatives may regulate this issue on certain universities.

The language of the PhD dissertation is regulated by the Universities or their Doctoral Schools. The most common language of the PhD theses is Hungarian – dissertation can be submitted in English or other language justified by the particular scientific community, if the university allows it.

4.7 Are there any established scientific journals in your country partly or fully published in the official language(s)?

Yes

Yes No N/A

4.7.1 In what scientific fields are those journals?

N/A

4.7.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.7: There is no special scientific field, where scientific journals published in Hungarian would be exceptional. Scientific fields with exception of some natural sciences have their own scientific journals published in Hungarian (there are supported mostly by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences).

4.8 Do foreign students who wish to sign up for a course (conducted in your country’s official language) at a university in your country have to pass a language proficiency test (in your country´s official language) prior to registration?

No

Yes No N/A

4.8.1 How many universities selected under 4.3 require foreign students (seeking to sign up for a course conducted in your country’s official language) to pass a special language proficiency test (in your country’s official language) prior to registration?

Persentage: 0

Number: 0

4.8.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.1 Are there any daily papers written in a language other than your country’s official language(s) that are produced in your country and distributed nationwide or in a substantial part of the nation?

Yes

Yes No N/A

5.1.1 Please list the papers.

The Budapest Times,
The Budapest Sun,
Budapester Zeitung

5.1.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.2 Has/have the official language(s) of your country a declared status as a medium of communication in the public service contracts with radio and/or TV broadcasters in your country?

No

Yes No N/A

5.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

5.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

5.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 5.2: Broadcasting in the national media (public service) is made in the Hungarian language (television and radio broadcasting). Minorities are given a weekly/daily spot for their short news in their respective language(s).

(3) A JBE lineáris médiaszolgáltató a digitális műsorterjesztéssel terjesztett valamennyi médiaszolgáltatása során köteles biztosítani, hogy a 19 óra és 23 óra között közzétett, eredetileg nem magyar nyelven készített filmalkotások és filmsorozatok legalább egynegyede eredeti nyelven, magyar felirattal is elérhető legyen, ideértve a 23 óra előtt elkezdődő, de azt követően véget érő műsorszámokat is.
(3) Linear media service providers with significant market power shall ensure in the course of all of their media services transmitted by digital media service distribution, that at least one quarter of the cinematographic works and film series originally produced in a language other than Hungarian, broadcasted between 7:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m., shall be available in their original language, with Hungarian subtitles, including programmes starting before 11:00 p.m. but ending later.
Comments relating to 5.2
There is no exact act or article on the language of broadcasting, however there are some notes (see above: Article 38 section 3) in the act Act CLXXXV of 2010 ON MEDIA SERVICES AND MASS MEDIA trying to regulate the language use of broadcasting in favour of the Hungarian language.

5.3 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for adults?

5.3.1 Broadcast in original language

Sometimes

5.3.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.3.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Mostly/always

5.3.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Sometimes

5.3.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.3.6 Other:

5.3.7 Other:

5.4 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for children?

5.4.1 Broadcast in original language

Rarely/never

5.4.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.4.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Mostly/always

5.4.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Rarely/never

5.4.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.4.6 Other:

5.4.7 Other:

5.4.8 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.5 Is there any legal/official regulation in your country concerning the amount of radio broadcasting popular and folk vocal music in the official language(s)?

Yes

Yes No N/A

5.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 21 paragraph (1) A lineáris rádiós médiaszolgáltatásban a zenei művek közzétételére szánt műsoridő legalább harmincöt százalékát magyar zenei művek bemutatására kell fordítani.

Quotation in English: (1) In linear radio media services at least thirty-five percent of the transmission time dedicated to broadcasting musical works
shall be allocated to broadcasting Hungarian musical works.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Act CLXXXV of 2010 ON MEDIA SERVICES AND MASS MEDIA

5.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Authorized

5.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.1 Is there a legal/official regulation in your country concerning the use of languages in industry, commerce, business or other working environments?

No

Yes No N/A

6.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

6.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

6.1.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 6.1: But the language use of commerce is regulated by the “Act XCVI of 2001 on the Publication of Business Advertisements, Shop Signs and Certain Announcements of Public Interest” stating that all signs having an economic nature and/or being of public interest must be published in the Hungarian language.

6.2 In which languages are the companies´ annual reports written in your country? List the ten largest companies (by number of employees). The companies should have their main location in your country and be a major employer.

6.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 6.2: This data is not public, but the annual reports are written in Hungarian and English, depending on the language of the target audience.

Some researches on this topic were made within the project Language Rich Europe, where the following situation of the linguality of the annual reports was mapped:
“Language used for annual/business reports: Hungarian: 17, English: 9, Additional languages: 1.” (from: Csilla Bartha: Hungary. In: Guus Extra and Kutlay Yağmur (eds.) Language rich Europe. Trends in policies and practices for multilingualism in Europe. Cambridge University Press, 144).

6.3 What are the official website languages of those ten companies?

6.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 6.3: All large companies have English and Hungarian sites, although the content is not always the same.

7.1 In how many foreign countries around the world (where your country’s language is not an official language) is there an opportunity of obtaining a master’s degree in your country’s official language as a field of study?

11-25 countries

7.1.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7.2 Please indicate the number of universities worldwide where students can obtain a master’s degree in your country’s official language. (Exclude countries where your official language is an official language.)

11-25 countries

7.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 7.1: The data are based on information reached from the Internet.

7.3 Which languages are officially taught as foreign languages in your country’s primary and/or secondary schools?

Bulgarian: Primary school

Chinese: Secondary school

Chinese: Secondary education: optional

English: Primary school / Secondary school

French: Secondary school

German: Primary school / Secondary school

Greek: Primary school

Italian: Secondary school

Polish: Primary school

Portugese: Secondary school

Russian: Secondary school

Added language: Romani

Foreign language taught in primary or secondary schoo: : Primary school / Secondary school

Added language: Boyash

Foreign language taught in primary or secondary schoo: : Primary school / Secondary school

Added language: Latin

Foreign language taught in primary or secondary schoo: : Secondary school

Secondary education: optional

Added language: Croatian