Poland

1.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.3: I omitted languages formally recognized as languages of national or ethnic minorities or as regional language; none of these languages ​​is spoken by more than 1% of Polish citizens.

1.4.1 Which languages?

1.0: German

2.0: Belorussian

3.0: Kashubian

1.4.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and in english)

Original language: Ustawa z dn. 6 stycznia 2005 r. o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych i języku regionalnym.

English translation: The act of 6th of January 2005 on national and ethnic minorities and on regional language

1.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.4: The above mentioned languages and other minority languages in those municipalities where they are spoken by more than 20% of the residents.

1.5.1 Which languages?

1.0: Lithuanian

2.0: Ukrainian

3.0: Lemkian

1.5.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and inenglish)

Original language: The same as sources relating to 1.4

English translation: The same as sources relating to 1.4

1.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.5: The same as comments relating to 1.4

1.6.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.6: The number of users of Armenian (recognized as a language of national minority)grew up significantly in the last 2 decades as a consequence of new immigration

1.8.1 Which regional and/or minority languages does your country officially recognise?

Armenian, Belarusian, Czech, German, Hebrew, Karaim, Kashubian, Lemkian, Lithuanian, Romani, Russian, Slovak, Tatar, Ukrainian, Yiddish

1.8.2 What reservations concerning the charter were raised by your country?

Republic of Poland definad what it recognizes as a national minority and pledged to abide by certain provisos of articles 8-14 of the Charter.

1.8.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.8: The full list of the 14 minority and 1 regional languages is given in the National and Ethnic Minorities and Regional Language Act of January 6, 2005.

1.9.1 What provisions relating to this Convention were made by your country?

"The Republic of Poland declares, that it understands this term as national minorities residing within the territory of the Republic of Poland at the same time whose members are polish citizens."

1.9.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.9: "The Republic of Poland shall also implement the framework Convention under Article 18 of the Convention."

2.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the Constitution in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Original language: Art. 27. "W Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej językiem urzędowym jest język polski. Przepis ten nie narusza praw mniejszości narodowych wynikających z ratyfikowanych umów międzynarodowych."

English translation: Art. 27. "Polish shall be the official language in the Republic of Poland. This provision shall not infringe upon national minority rights resulting from ratified international agreements."

2.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.1.3 Comments on 2.1.1

2.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the language law(s) in the original language and in English including the exact reference.

Original language: Ustawa o języku polskim: Art. 1. Przepisy ustawy dotyczą: 1)ochrony języka polskiego; 2)używania języka polskiego w realizacji zadań publicznych; 3)używania języka polskiego w obrocie oraz przy wykonywaniu przepisów z zakresu prawa pracy na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej."

English translation: [The relevant articles are not of Constitution but of Act of the Polish language:] Art. 1 "This law refers to the protection of the Polish language, its use in public and legal action on the territory of the Republic of Poland"

2.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.2.3 Comments on 2.2.1

2.2.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.3.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Original language: Ustawa z 27 lipca 2001 r. Prawo o ustroju sądów powszechnych: Art. 5 § 1. Językiem urzędowym przed sądami jest język polski.
§ 2. Osoba niewładająca w wystarczającym stopniu językiem polskim ma prawo do występowania przed sądem w znanym przez nią języku i bezpłatnego korzystania z pomocy tłumacza.

English translation: Act of July 27th 2001 Law on common courts organisation: Art. 5 § 1. The official language before courts is Polish."

2.3.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.3.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.3: The relevant article is not of the Constitution but of the Law on Common Courts Organization.

2.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Ustawa o obywatelstwie polskim: Art. 30, u. 2: "Cudzoziemiec ubiegający się o uznanie za obywatela polskiego […] jest obowiązany posiadać znajomość języka polskiego potwierdzoną urzędowym poświadczeniem […], świadectwem ukończenia szkoły w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej lub świadectwem ukończenia szkoły za granicą z wykładowym językiem polskim."

Quotation in English: “A foreigner applying for recognition as a Polish citizen [...] is required to have knowledge of Polish confirmed by the official certification [...] , by Polish school leaving certificate or by a certificate of the foreign school with Polish language of instruction.”

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Act on Polish citizenship, valid since August 15th 2012, Article 30, p. 2.

2.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

2.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.5.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.5: I've answered "no", for instruction is not compulsory. However, I could answer "yes", for only instruction in Polish may help to obtain citizenship.

2.6.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.6: Knowledge of Polish is formally not compulsory but it may help to obtain permanent residency; the knowledge of Polish should be confirmed by a special certificate."

2.7.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.7.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.7.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Confirmed knowledge of Polish not "instruction" could help to obtain permanent residency.

3.1.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Ustawa o języku polskim: Art. 9. Język polski jest językiem nauczania oraz językiem egzaminów i prac dyplomowych w szkołach publicznych i niepublicznych wszystkich typów oraz w placówkach oświatowych i innych instytucjach edukacyjnych, chyba że przepisy szczególne stanowią inaczej.

Quotation in English: Act on the Polish language: Article 9 "The Polish language shall be used for education and examination purposes and in theses at all types of public and private schools, and other educational institutions, if not required otherwise by special regulations."

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Act of October 7th 1999 on the Polish language: Article 9.

3.1.2 Please state which languages are used as mediums of language instruction.

3.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.1: Instruction and use of languages in primary and secondary education is regulated also by tne The Act of September 7th 1991 (with amendments)on the Education System and by The Act of January 6th 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Language.

3.2.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Preambuła: "Nauczanie i wychowanie – respektując chrześcijański system wartości – za podstawę przyjmuje uniwersalne zasady etyki. Kształcenie i wychowanie służy rozwijaniu u młodzieży poczucia odpowiedzialności, miłości ojczyzny oraz poszanowania dla polskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego, przy jednoczesnym otwarciu się na wartości kultur Europy i świata. Szkoła winna zapewnić każdemu uczniowi warunki niezbędne do jego rozwoju, przygotować go do wypełniania obowiązków rodzinnych i obywatelskich w oparciu o zasady solidarności, demokracji, tolerancji, sprawiedliwości i wolności."

Quotation in English: Preambel: "Education an upbringing, respecting the Christian system of values, is based on universal ethical principles. Education and upbringing serve the developing of young people’s sense of responsibility, admiration of the fatherland and respect for the Polish cultural heritage, while being open, at the same time, to values of European and world’s cultures. The objective of the school is to provide each pupil with conditions necessary for his/her development and to prepare him/her for the fulfilment of family responsibilities and civil duties based on the principles of solidarity, democracy, tolerance, justice and freedom.”
.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): The Act of September 7th 1991 (with amendments)on the Education System, Preamble.

3.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.2: See comments to 3.1.

3.3.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Te same jak w odniesieniu do nauczania początkowego, tzn. ustawa z dn. 7 września 1991 (z późniejszymi zmianami) o systemie oświaty.

Quotation in English: The same as relating to the primary education; see below.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): The Act of September 7th 1991 (with amendments)on the Education System.

3.3.2 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

3.3.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.3.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.3: See comments relating to 3.1.

3.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Ustawa z dnia 6 stycznia 2005 r. o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych oraz o języku regionalnym: "Art. 17. Realizacja prawa osób należących do mniejszości do nauki języka mniejszości lub w języku mniejszości, a także prawa tych osób do nauki historii i kultury mniejszości odbywa się na zasadach i w trybie określonych w ustawie z dnia 7 września 1991 r. o systemie oświaty".

Ustawa z dn. 7 września 1991 (z późniejszymi zmianami)o systemie oświaty. Art. 13. 1. Szkoła i placówka publiczna umożliwia uczniom podtrzymywanie poczucia tożsamości narodowej, etnicznej, językowej i religijnej, a w szczególności naukę języka oraz własnej historii i kultury."
















Art. 13. 1. Szkoła i placówka publiczna umożliwia uczniom podtrzymywanie poczucia tożsamości narodowej, etnicznej, językowej i religijnej, a w szczególności naukę języka oraz własnej historii i kultury.

Quotation in English: "Article 17. The right of persons belonging to minorities to learn the minority language or in minority language and the rights of these persons to learn the history and culture of the minorities
is based on rules and procedures set forth in the Act of 7 September 1991 on the Education System."


Article 13.1 "Public schools allow students to maintain their sense of national, ethnic, linguistic or religious identity, in particular, to learn their own language, history and culture."

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): The Act of January 6th 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Language, Article 17.
The Act of September 7th 1991 (with amendments)on the Education System. Article 13.1.

3.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

3.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.4: See comments relating to 3.1.

4.1.1 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

Polish, English; rarely: German, French

4.1.2 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.1: Didactic and research activity on the university level has been excluded in 2005 from the Act on Polish language.

4.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the language of instruction in university research programs?

No

4.2.2 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.2: The present policy of Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education is based on the principle of international openness and cooperation in accordance with this policy, for several years didactic and research activities of Polish universities are not subject to the Act on the Polish language.

4.3.1 What percentage of the master’s programs in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

4.3.2 What percentage of the master’s programs for the humanities in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

4.3.3 What percentage of the master’s programs for social sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

4.3.4 What percentage of the master’s programs for mathematics and natural sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

4.3.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.3: The data are estimates, based on the opinions of teachers from selected universities.

4.4.1 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

4.4.2 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the humanities in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

4.4.3 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the social sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

4.4.4 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the mathematics and natural sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 26-50%

4.4.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.4: The data are estimates, based on the opinions of professors from various fields.

4.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: "Kandydat może wraz z wnioskiem o wszczęcie przewodu doktorskiego przedstawić: [...] wniosek o wyrażenie zgody na przedstawienie rozprawy doktorskiej w innym języku niż język polski."

Quotation in English: The candidate may submit with the request for initiation of doctoral procedure: [...] an application for permission to submit a doctoral dissertation in a language other than Polish.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Regulation on the specific procedures and conditions for carrying out activities for doctoral procedures […]

4.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation autorized?

4.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.5: There are substantial differences between universities.

4.6.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Art. 13, p. 6. "Rozprawa doktorska powinna być opatrzona streszczeniem w języku angielskim, a rozprawa doktorska przygotowana w języku obcym również streszczeniem w języku polskim."

Quotation in English: Article 13. 6. “The doctoral dissertation must be accompanied by a summary in English, and the doctoral thesis prepared in a foreign language also by a summary in Polish.”

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): The Act of March 14th 2003 on Academic Degrees and on Academic Title. Article 13. p. 6.

4.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

4.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.6: In accordance with the Act of March 14th 2003 (Article 13. p.5: With the consent of the council conducting the procedure, dissertation may be submitted in a language other than Polish.

4.7.1 In what scientific fields are those journals?

4.7.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.7: Most scientific journals in Humanities and Social Sciences in Poland are publshed in Polish.

4.8.1 How many universities selected under 4.3 require foreign students (seeking to sign up for a course conducted in your country’s official language) to pass a special language proficiency test (in your country’s official language) prior to registration?

Persentage: 0

Number: 0

4.8.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.8: However, taking into account that most of lectures and seminars at all Polish universities are provided in Polish, foreigners who wish to study in Poland in Polish language are required:
to complete a preparatory Polish language course at one of the institutions appointed by the minister of higher education or
to obtain the Polish Language Certificate issued by the State Commission for Certification of Command of Polish as a Foreign Language or
to receive confirmation from the HEI they apply to that their preparation and command of Polish allows them to undertake the studies.

5.1.1 Please list the papers.

5.1.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

There is no place on the press market in Poland for the non-Polish-language daily. The potential audiences are too small. There are published in Poland many non-Polish-language weeklies, monthlies, quarterlies.

5.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Art. 21, p. 1a.
Do zadań publicznej radiofonii i telewizji […],należy w szczególności:
1) tworzenie i rozpowszechnianie programów ogólnokrajowych, programów regionalnych, programów dla odbiorców za granicą w języku polskim i innych językach oraz innych programów realizujących demokratyczne, społeczne i kulturalne potrzeby społeczności lokalnych;

Quotation in English: Article 21, p. 1a. "The tasks of public radio and television [...] include in particular:
1) the creation and dissemination of national programs, regional programs, programs for customers abroad in Polish and other languages and other programs implementing the democratic, social and cultural needs of local communities."

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): The Act of December 29th on Radio and Television (with amendments), Article 21, p. 1a.

5.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

5.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 5.2: Polish language as the official language of the Republic of Poland has the status of a medium of communication in the public service of radio and/or TV but not exclusively.

5.3.1 Broadcast in original language

Rarely/never

5.3.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Mostly/always

5.3.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Sometimes

5.3.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Sometimes

5.3.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Sometimes

5.3.6 Other:

Broadcast in original language only is accessible (as one of possibilities) in the VoD

Mostly/always

5.3.7 Other:

5.4.1 Broadcast in original language

Rarely/never

5.4.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Sometimes

5.4.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Mostly/always

5.4.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Rarely/never

5.4.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Mostly/always

5.4.6 Other:

5.4.7 Other:

5.4.8 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 5.3: Broadcast of films in original language with voice-over dominates in films for adults. Broadcast with dubbing dominates in films for children.

5.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Ustawa o radiofonii i telewizji, art. 15, p. 2. "2. Nadawcy programów radiowych i telewizyjnych przeznaczają co najmniej 33%
kwartalnego czasu nadawania w programie utworów słowno-muzycznych na utwory, które są wykonywane w języku polskim."

Quotation in English: Article 15, p. 2. “Broadcasters of the radio and television programs devote at least 33% of the quarterly transmission time in the word and music tracks for songs that are performed in Polish.”

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): The Act of December 29th on Radio and Television (with amendments), Article 15, p. 2.

5.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

5.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Art. 7. 1. Na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w obrocie z udziałem konsumentów oraz przy wykonywaniu przepisów z zakresu prawa pracy używa się języka polskiego, jeżeli:
1) konsument lub osoba świadcząca pracę ma miejsce zamieszkania na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w chwili zawarcia umowy oraz
2) umowa ma być wykonana lub wykonywana na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.
2. Na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w obrocie bez udziału konsumentów używa się języka polskiego, jeżeli obrót ten jest wykonywany przez podmioty, o których mowa w art. 4.
3. Przepisy ustawy stosuje się do dokumentów i informacji, których obowiązek sporządzenia lub podania wynika z odrębnych przepisów."

Quotation in English: Article 7. p.1. On the territory of the Republic of Poland, in trading with participation of consumers, and in the implementation of the labor law, the Polish language is used when:
1) the consumer or a person who performs work is domiciled in the territory of the Republic of Poland at the time of concluding the contract,
2) the contract is to be performed or carried out on territory of the Republic of Poland.
2 On the territory of the Republic of Poland, in trading without participation of consumers, the Polish language is used, if the trading is done by the entities referred to in Art. 4.
3 The provisions of this Act shall apply to the documents and information which are required under separate regulations.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): The Act of 7 October 1999 on the Polish language (with amendments). Article 7.

6.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

6.1.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7.1.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 7.1: According to the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs 318 universities in 56 countries are teaching the Polish language, but less than 50 of them give opportunity of obtaining a master's degree in this field.

7.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

8.1.1

Name (official and English translation): Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego / Society of Lovers of the Polish Language.

Language(s):: The Society has 17 regional branches.

Mission: : “The aim of the Society is to promote rational love of the Polish language, based on the knowledge of its principles, development and significance and on understanding of linguistic phenomena in general”
[From the Statute of the Society]

Relation to national government:: Independent.

Activities:: Society publishes the bimonthly "Język Polski" ["Polish Language"] and books. It organizes conferences and lectures devoted to the Polish Language.

URL:: www.jezyk-polski.pl

Comments:: The oldest society for promotion the Polish languge. It was founded in 1920. Its seat is Cracow.

Structure:: Public

8.1.2

ame (official and English translation): Towarzystwo Kultury Języka [Society for the Culture of Language]

Language(s):: The Society has 7 regional branches and 2 sections.

Mission: : "The aim of the Society is to promote the culture of the Polish language." [From the Statute of the Society]

Relation to national government:: Independent.

Activities:: It publishes a monthly "Poradnik Językowy" [Linguistic Guide] and organizes lectures and conferences devoted to the linguistic efficiency.

URL:: www.tkj.uw.edu.pl

Comments:: The Society was founded in 1929. Its seat is Warsaw.

Structure:: Public

8.1.3

ame (official and English translation): Stowarzyszenie Nauczycieli Języka kaszubskiego [Association of Teachers of Kashubian].

Mission: : "The aim of the Association is to support teachers of Kashubian"

Relation to national government:: Intependent

Activities:: Various events

URL:: http://remusowidresze.naszekaszuby.pl

Comments:: The Association was founded in 2009. Its seat is Kamienica Szlachecka.

Structure:: Public

8.1.4

8.1.5

8.1.6

8.1.7

8.1.8

8.1.9

8.1.10 Feel free to add futher