1. General questions about your country and its languages

1.1 List each official language in your country, and mark if the language is officially used nationalwide or in certain regions of the country.

Language 1: Greek

Use:: National

1.2 What percentage of the population uses the language as a first language?

Use in percentages:: >75%

1.3 In what language(s) are the Constitution and laws in your country written?

Language 1: Greek

1.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.4 Are there languages, other than the official languages you mentioned under 1.2, that can be used in regional courts, regional parliaments, and/or regional administrations?

No

1.4.1 Which languages?

1.4.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and in english)

1.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.5 Are there other autochthonous (indigenous) languages in your country, not mentioned in your answers to questions 1.1 to 1.4?

No

1.5.1 Which languages?

1.5.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and inenglish)

1.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.5: Officially the Greek legislantion does not recognise any other indigenous language in the Greek territory except for the Greek language. On the basis of a peace treaty (Treaty of Lausanne, article 45, 1924) Greece recognised a muslim minority consistng of three ethic groups (Turks, Pomaks and Roma). Among these ethnic groups there is provision for language education only in Turkish language.

1.6 Which are the three main languages (in terms of number of users) spoken by first- and second-generation immigrants in your country?

1.0: Albanian

1.6.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.6: The most recent census data for this particular issue have not been released yet. The previous data should be considered obsolete as the situation in Greece has radicaly transformed within the last decade where the previous data were coming from. Empirically, we can tell with certainty that Albanian is the language spoken by the largent immigrant population in Greece.

1.7(a) Except for your own country, in which other countries of the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

Country 1: Cyprus

1.7(b) In which countries outside the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

1.7(c) Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.8 Has your country ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages?

No

1.8.1 Which regional and/or minority languages does your country officially recognise?

1.8.2 What reservations concerning the charter were raised by your country?

1.8.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.9 Has your country signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities?

Yes

1.9.1 What provisions relating to this Convention were made by your country?

Greece signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities but not ratified it.

1.9.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2. Specific legal regulations

2.1 Does the Constitution of your country state what the official/national/main languages are?

No

2.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the Constitution in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.1.3 Comments on 2.1.1

2.2 Is there a language law stipulating what language is (or what languages are) to be used in official matters?

Yes

2.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the language law(s) in the original language and in English including the exact reference.

Original language: α. Νόμος 309/1976, άρθρο 2, § 1-2
"Περί οργανώσεως και διοικήσεως της Γενικής Εκπαιδεύσεως"
(Πηγή: ΦΕΚ Α100/ 30-4-1976)
§ 1. Γλώσσα διδασκαλίας, αντικείμενον διδασκαλίας και γλώσσα των διδακτικών βιβλίων εις όλας τας βαθμίδας της γενικής Εκπαιδεύσεως είναι από του σχολικού έτους 1976-77 η Νεοελληνική.
§ 2. Ως Νεοελληνική γλώσσα νοείται η διαμορφωθείσα εις πανελλήνιον εκφραστικόν όργανον υπό του Ελληνικού λαού και των δοκίμων συγγραφέωντου Έθνους Δημοτική, συντεταγμένη, άνευ ιδιωματισμών και ακροτήτων.
β. Νόμος 576/1977, άρθρο 3
"Περί οργανώσεως και διοικήσεως της Μέσης και Ανωτέρας τεχνικής και Επαγγελματικής Εκπαιδεύσεως"
(Πηγή: ΦΕΚ Α102/13-4-1977)
Εις απάσας τας σχολικάς μονάδας τας διεπομένας υπό του παρόντος νόμου εισάγεται από του σχολικού έτους 1977-78 ως γλώσσα διδασκαλίας και γλώσσα των διδακτικών βιβλίων η Νεοελληνική (Δημοτική), ως διεμορφώθη εις πανελλήνιον εκφραστικόν όργανον του Ελληνικού Λαού και των δοκίμων συγγραφέων του Έθνους, συντεταγμένη, άνευ ιδιωματισμών και ακροτήτων


γ. Νόμος 1406/1983, άρθρο 38
"Ολοκλήρωση της δικαιοδοσίας των τακτικών διοικητικών δικαστηρίων, συγκρότηση γενικής επιτροπείας της επικράτειας των τακτικών διοικητικών δικαστηρίων και ρύθμιση μερικών άλλων θεμάτων".
(Πηγή: ΦΕΚ Α182 /14.12.1983)
Οι αποφάσεις όλων των δικαστηρίων, τα βουλεύματα, εισαγγελικές προτάσεις, διατάξεις, εκθέσεις και κάθε είδους πράξεις, καθώς και όλα τα συμβόλαια συντάσσονται στη δημοτική γλώσσα, όπως αυτή καθορίζεται στο άρθρο 2 παρ. 2, Νόμου 309/1976 και κατά το μονοτονικό σύστημα όπως έχει καθιερωθεί από το άρθρο 2 του ν. 1228/1982 (ΦΕΚ 15) και το διάταγμα 297/1982 (ΦΕΚ 52).

English translation: a. "About the organization and administration of General Education"
Law 309/1976, art. 2, § 1-2
(Source: Official Gazette of the Hellenic Republic A100/30-4-1976)
§ 1. Starting from the school year 1976-1977 the teaching language teaching subject and language of the teaching textbooks in all the grades of general Education is the Modern Greek language
§ 2. By Modern Greek language is meant the Demotic language which has been formed as a panhellenic instrument of expression of the Greek people and of the legitimate national authors, without any idioms [i.e. dialectal features?] and extravagancies.


b. "About the organization and administration of the Secondary and High technical and Vocational Education"
Law 576/1977, Art. 3
(Source: OGHR A102/13-4-1977)
In all school units, which come under the authority of the present law, starting from the school year 1977-1978, Modern Greek (Demotic) is being introduced as the teaching language, as teaching subject and as the language of teaching books; in the form that has acquired as a panhellenic instrument of expression of the Greek people and of the legitimate national authors, without any idioms and extravagancies.

2.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.2.3 Comments on 2.2.1

2.2.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.3 Is there any legislation other than the Constitution or a language law that defines the use of language(s) in government, public administration and/or judiciary institutions?

No

2.3.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.3.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.3.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.4 Does your country have a compulsory test or examination that includes a language test in (one of) the national/official language(s) which has to be passed in order to obtain citizenship?

Yes

2.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Άρθρο 5 § 2β
Για τον αλλοδαπό που είναι αλλογενής απαιτείται επιπλέον να:
β. έχει επαρκή γνώση της ελληνικής γλώσσας, της ελληνικής ιστορίας και γενικά του ελληνικού πολιτισμού
Άρθρο 7 §3
Μετά από εξέταση του φακέλου η αρμόδια υπηρεσία του Υπουργείου Εσωτερικών, Δημόσιας Διοίκησης και Αποκέντρωσης καλεί τον αλλοδαπό σε συνέντευξη σε συγκεκριμένο τόπο και χρόνο, ενώπιον της Επιτροπής Πολιτογράφησης του άρθρου 12, προκειμένου η Επιτροπή να διατυπώσει γνώμη προς τον Υπουργό Εσωτερικών, Δημόσιας Διοίκησης και Αποκέντρωσης σχετικά με την επαρκή γνώση της ελληνικής γλώσσας, ιστορίας και του ελληνικού πολιτισμού, καθώς και για το ήθος και την προσωπικότητά του. Η κλήση του αλλοδαπού σε συνέντευξη γίνεται με απόδειξη. Μη εμφάνιση του αλλοδαπού δικαιολογείται μόνο για λόγους ανωτέρας βίας. Σε περίπτωση μη αδικαιολόγητης εμφάνισης η αίτηση πολιτογράφησης απορρίπτεται από τον Υπουργό.

Quotation in English: Article 5, § 2β
Conditions for naturalization
2. Aliens who are not of Greek ethnic origin must also:
b. have adequate knowledge of the Greek language, the Greek history and the Greek culture in general


Article 7 §3
Naturalization process
3. Following the examination of the file, the competent agency of the Ministry of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation shall invite the alien for an interview, at a specified place and time, before the Naturalization Committee under article 12, in order for the Committee to express its opinion to the Minister of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation concerning the alien’s adequate knowledge of the Greek language, history and culture, as well as his/her character and personality. The alien shall be invited for the interview by certified notice. The non-attendance of the alien shall only be justified for reasons of force majeure. In the event of unjustified non-attendance, the application for naturalization shall be rejected by the Minister.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Περί κυρώσεως του Κώδικα της Ελληνικής Ιθαγενείας
Ratification of the Greek Nationality Code
(Source: law 3284/2004, art. 5 § 2β, 7 §3
OGHR 217/A/ 10.11.2004)

2.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Authorized

2.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.4: By examination or compulsory test it is meant here that for attaining citizenship there is a compulsory procedure. Adequate knowledge of Greek language is a prerequisite for naturalization. However this procedure does not include a test but an interview.

2.5 Does your country offer instruction with regard to which national/official language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain citizenship?

No

2.5.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.6 Does your country have a compulsory examination or test with regard to which (one of the) national language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain permanent residency (i.e. without becoming a citizen of your country)?

Yes

2.6.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Κοινή υπουργική απόφαση 16928/2007 "Πιστοποίηση της γνώσης της ελληνικής γλώσσας και στοιχείων της ελληνικής ιστορίας και του ελληνικού πολιτισμού υπηκόων τρίτων χωρών προκειμένου να αποκτήσουν το καθεστώς του επί μακρόν διαμένοντος "
Πηγή ΦΕΚ 1638Β/17-8-2007
Τροποποιήθηκε υπ. απ. 999 ΦΕΚ 353Β/3-3-2008
Άρθρο 1
Ως Σύστημα Πιστοποίησης της γνώσης της ελληνικής γλώσσας και στοιχείων της ελληνικής ιστορίας και του ελληνικού πολιτισμού των υπηκόων τρίτων χωρών, προκειμένου ν’ αποκτήσουν το καθεστώς του επί μακρόν διαμένοντος στην Ελλάδα, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις του υπ’ αριθμ. π.δ. 150/2006 (ΦΕΚ 160/τ. Α΄/31-7-2006), (εφεξής Σύστημα Πιστοποίησης), ορίζεται το σύνολο των διαδικασιών που αποσκοπούν αφενός στην Εκπαίδευση και στην αξιολόγηση της γνώσης τους στην ελληνική γλώσσα και στα στοιχεία της ελληνικής ιστορίας και του ελληνικού πολιτισμού και, αφετέρου, στην παροχή σ’ αυτούς σχετικού αποδεικτικού επάρκειας Επιπέδου Α2.


Άρθρο 2, § 2
Για τη διαδικασία πιστοποίησης απαιτείται:
α) να έχουν παρακολουθήσει εκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα, διάρκειας τουλάχιστον εκατό πενήντα (150) ωρών, μαθημάτων της ελληνικής γλώσσας και είκοσι πέντε (25) ωρών μαθημάτων στοιχείων της ελληνικής ιστορίας και του ελληνικού πολιτισμού, στα τμήματα μάθησης των Κέντρων Εκπαίδευσης Ενηλίκων (Κ.Ε.Ε.) της Γενικής Γραμματείας Εκπαίδευσης Ενηλίκων (Γ.Γ.Ε.Ε.) του Υπουργείου Εθνικής Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων (Υ.Π.Ε.Π.Θ.).
β) να έχουν επιτύχει στις ειδικές γραπτές και προφορικές εξετάσεις που διενεργούνται μετά την ολοκλήρωση της παρακολούθησης του παραπάνω προγράμματος.

Quotation in English: Article 1
1. By the term Certification System of knowledge of the Greek language and of elements of Greek history and culture by third-country nationals, for acquiring the status of long-term residents in Greece according to the provisions of the Presidential Decree no 150/2006 (Official Gazette of the Hellenic Republic A 160 / 31-7-2006) (from here on Certification System), it is meant the whole procedure aiming at their education and the evaluation of their knowledge of the Greek language and elements of the Greek history and culture, on the one hand, and their supply with the relevant certificate of attainment (Level A2), on the other.
2. The evaluation procedure corresponds and covers the specifications of Level A2, as it is described in Article 9 of the Presidential Decree no 363/1998 (Official Gazette of the Hellenic Republic 242 A'/29-10-1998).
Article 2
2. For the evaluation procedure it is compulsory that the candidates:
a) have attended to an educational program, of at least one hundred and fifty (150) hours, of Greek language courses and of twenty five (25) hours of courses concerning elements of Greek history and culture, at the learning classes of the Adult Education Centers of the General Secretariat of Adult Education of the Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs.
b) have succeeded in the written and oral examination conducted after the attendance of the above program.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Joint Ministerial Decision 16928/2007
"Certification of Knowledge of the Greek language and of elements of Greek history and culture by third-country nationals for acquiring the status of long-term residents"
Source: OGHR 1638Β/17-8-2007
Modification min.dec. 999 OGHR 353Β/3-3-2008

2.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

2.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.7 Does the government of your country provide instruction, with regard to which (one of the) national/official language(s) have to be masted in order to obtain permanent residency?

Yes

2.7.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Άρθρο 2, § 2
Για τη διαδικασία πιστοποίησης απαιτείται:
α) να έχουν παρακολουθήσει εκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα, διάρκειας τουλάχιστον εκατό πενήντα (150) ωρών, μαθημάτων της ελληνικής γλώσσας και είκοσι πέντε (25) ωρών μαθημάτων στοιχείων της ελληνικής ιστορίας και του ελληνικού πολιτισμού, στα τμήματα μάθησης των Κέντρων Εκπαίδευσης Ενηλίκων (Κ.Ε.Ε.) της Γενικής Γραμματείας Εκπαίδευσης Ενηλίκων (Γ.Γ.Ε.Ε.) του Υπουργείου Εθνικής Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων (Υ.Π.Ε.Π.Θ.).
β) να έχουν επιτύχει στις ειδικές γραπτές και προφορικές εξετάσεις που διενεργούνται μετά την ολοκλήρωση της παρακολούθησης του παραπάνω προγράμματος

Quotation in English: Quotation in English 2. For the evaluation procedure it is compulsory that the candidates:
a) have attended to an educational program, of at least one hundred and fifty (150) hours, of Greek language courses and of twenty five (25) hours of courses concerning elements of Greek history and culture, at the learning classes of the Adult Education Centers of the General Secretariat of Adult Education of the Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs.
b) have succeeded in the written and oral examination conducted after the attendance of the above program.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Joint Ministerial Decision 16928/2007
"Certification of Knowledge of the Greek language and of elements of Greek history and culture by third-country nationals for acquiring the status of long-term residents"
Source: OGHR 1638Β/17-8-2007
Modification min.dec. 999 OGHR 353Β/3-3-2008

2.7.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Authorized

2.7.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3. Instruction in and use of languages in primary and secondary education

3.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as a medium of instruction in primary schools?

Yes

3.1.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: α. Νόμος 309/1976, άρθρο 2, § 1-2
"Περί οργανώσεως και διοικήσεως της Γενικής Εκπαιδεύσεως"
§ 1. Γλώσσα διδασκαλίας, αντικείμενον διδασκαλίας και γλώσσα των διδακτικών βιβλίων εις όλας τας βαθμίδας της γενικής Εκπαιδεύσεως είναι από του σχολικού έτους 1976-77 η Νεοελληνική.
§ 2. Ως Νεοελληνική γλώσσα νοείται η διαμορφωθείσα εις πανελλήνιον εκφραστικόν όργανον υπό του Ελληνικού λαού και των δοκίμων συγγραφέωντου Έθνους Δημοτική, συντεταγμένη, άνευ ιδιωματισμών και ακροτήτων.
β. Νόμος 576/1977, άρθρο 3
"Περί οργανώσεως και διοικήσεως της Μέσης και Ανωτέρας τεχνικής και Επαγγελματικής Εκπαιδεύσεως"
Εις απάσας τας σχολικάς μονάδας τας διεπομένας υπό του παρόντος νόμου εισάγεται από του σχολικού έτους 1977-78 ως γλώσσα διδασκαλίας και γλώσσα των διδακτικών βιβλίων η Νεοελληνική (Δημοτική), ως διεμορφώθη εις πανελλήνιον εκφραστικόν όργανον του Ελληνικού Λαού και των δοκίμων συγγραφέων του Έθνους, συντεταγμένη, άνευ ιδιωματισμών και ακροτήτων

Quotation in English: About the organization and administration of General Education"
Law 309/1976, art. 2, § 1-2
(Source: OGHR A100/30-4-1976)
§ 1. Starting from the school year 1976-1977 the teaching language teaching subject and language of the teaching textbooks in all the grades of general Education is the Modern Greek language
§ 2. By Modern Greek language is meant the Demotic language which has been formed as a panhellenic instrument of expression of the Greek people and of the legitimate national authors, without any idioms [i.e. dialectal features?] and extravagancies

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): "About the organization and administration of General Education"
Law 309/1976, art. 2, § 1-2

3.1.2 Please state which languages are used as mediums of language instruction.

3.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in primary schools?

Yes

3.2.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Συνθήκη της Λοζάνης
Άρθρο 40 εδ. β΄: "Οι Τούρκοι υπήκοοι, οι ανήκοντες εις μη μουσουλμανικάς μειονότητας. θα απολαύωσι νομικώς και πραγματικώς της αυτής προστασίας και των αυτών εγγυήσεων ων απολαύουσι και οι λοιποί Τούρκοι υπήκοοι και θα έχωσιν ιδίως ίσον δικαίωμα να συνιστώσι, διευθύνωσι και εποπτεύωσιν, ιδίαις δαπάναις, παντός είδους φιλανθρωπικά, θρησκευτικά ή κοινωφελή ιδρύματα, σχολεία και λοιπά εκπαιδευτήρια, μετά του δικαιώματος να ποιώνται ελευθέρως εν αυτοίς χρήσιν της γλώσσης των και να τελεώσι ελευθέρως τα της θρησκείας των".
• Άρθρο 41 παρ. 1: "Εν ταις πόλεσι και περιφερείαις, ένθα διαμένει σημαντική αναλογία [μουσουλμάνων] υπηκόων, η [Ελληνική] Κυβέρνησις θα παρέχη ως προς την δημόσιαν εκπαίδευσιν, τας προσηκούσας ευκολίας προς εξασφάλισιν της εν τοις δημοτικοίς σχολείοις παροχής εν τη ιδία αυτών γλώσση, της διδασκαλίας εις τα τέκνα των εν λόγω [ελλήνων] υπηκόων. Η διάταξις αυτή δεν κωλύει την [Ελληνικήν] Κυβέρνησιν να καταστήση υποχρεωτικήν την διδασκαλίαν της [ελληνικής] γλώσσης εν τοις ειρημένοις σχολείοις".
• ΄Αρθρο 41 παρ. 2: "Εν ταις πόλεσι και περιφερείαις ένθα υπάρχει σημαντική αναλογία [Ελλήνων] υπηκόων ανηκόντων εις [μουσουλμανικάς] μειονότητας, θέλει εξασφαλισθή εις τας μειονότητας ταύτας δικαία συμμετοχή εις την διάθεσιν των χρηματικών ποσών, άτινα τυχόν θα εχορηγούντο εκ του δημοσίου χρήματος υπό του προϋπολογισμού του Κράτους ή των δημοτικών ή και λοιπών προϋπολογισμών επί εκπαιδευτικώ, θερησκευτικώ ή φιλανθρωπικώ σκοπώ.".

Quotation in English: Article 40
Turkish nationals belonging to non-Moslem minorities shall enjoy the same treatment and security in law and in fact as other Turkish nationals. In particular, they shall have an equal right to establish, manage and control at their own expense, any charitable, religious and social institutions, any schools and other establishments for instruction and education, with the right to use their own language and to exercise their own religion freely therein.


Article 41
§ 1. As regards public instruction, the Greek Government will grant in those towns and districts, where a considerable proportion of Moslem nationals are resident, adequate facilities for ensuring that in the primary schools the instruction shall be given to the children of such Greek nationals through the medium of their own language. This provision will not prevent the Greek Government from making the teaching of the Greek language obligatory in the said schools.
§ 2. In towns and districts where there is a considerable proportion of Greek nationals belonging to Moslem minorities, these minorities shall be assured an equitable share in the enjoyment and application of the sums which may be provided out of public funds under the State, municipal or other budgets for educational, religious, or charitable purposes.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Treaty of Peace with Turkey signed at Lausanne (July 24, 1923), article 40, 41 § 1, 2.

3.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.3 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

Yes

3.3.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: α. Νόμος 309/1976, άρθρο 2, § 1-2
"Περί οργανώσεως και διοικήσεως της Γενικής Εκπαιδεύσεως"
§ 1. Γλώσσα διδασκαλίας, αντικείμενον διδασκαλίας και γλώσσα των διδακτικών βιβλίων εις όλας τας βαθμίδας της γενικής Εκπαιδεύσεως είναι από του σχολικού έτους 1976-77 η Νεοελληνική.
§ 2. Ως Νεοελληνική γλώσσα νοείται η διαμορφωθείσα εις πανελλήνιον εκφραστικόν όργανον υπό του Ελληνικού λαού και των δοκίμων συγγραφέωντου Έθνους Δημοτική, συντεταγμένη, άνευ ιδιωματισμών και ακροτήτων.
β. Νόμος 576/1977, άρθρο 3
"Περί οργανώσεως και διοικήσεως της Μέσης και Ανωτέρας τεχνικής και Επαγγελματικής Εκπαιδεύσεως"
Εις απάσας τας σχολικάς μονάδας τας διεπομένας υπό του παρόντος νόμου εισάγεται από του σχολικού έτους 1977-78 ως γλώσσα διδασκαλίας και γλώσσα των διδακτικών βιβλίων η Νεοελληνική (Δημοτική), ως διεμορφώθη εις πανελλήνιον εκφραστικόν όργανον του Ελληνικού Λαού και των δοκίμων συγγραφέων του Έθνους, συντεταγμένη, άνευ ιδιωματισμών και ακροτήτων.

Quotation in English: About the organization and administration of General Education"
Law 309/1976, art. 2, § 1-2
(Source: OGHR A100/30-4-1976)
§ 1. Starting from the school year 1976-1977 the teaching language teaching subject and language of the teaching textbooks in all the grades of general Education is the Modern Greek language
§ 2. By Modern Greek language is meant the Demotic language which has been formed as a panhellenic instrument of expression of the Greek people and of the legitimate national authors, without any idioms [i.e. dialectal features?] and extravagancies

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): "About the organization and administration of General Education"
Law 309/1976, art. 2, § 1-2

3.3.2 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

3.3.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.3.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.4 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

Yes

3.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Συνθήκη της Λοζάνης
Άρθρο 40 εδ. β΄: "Οι Τούρκοι υπήκοοι, οι ανήκοντες εις μη μουσουλμανικάς μειονότητας. θα απολαύωσι νομικώς και πραγματικώς της αυτής προστασίας και των αυτών εγγυήσεων ων απολαύουσι και οι λοιποί Τούρκοι υπήκοοι και θα έχωσιν ιδίως ίσον δικαίωμα να συνιστώσι, διευθύνωσι και εποπτεύωσιν, ιδίαις δαπάναις, παντός είδους φιλανθρωπικά, θρησκευτικά ή κοινωφελή ιδρύματα, σχολεία και λοιπά εκπαιδευτήρια, μετά του δικαιώματος να ποιώνται ελευθέρως εν αυτοίς χρήσιν της γλώσσης των και να τελεώσι ελευθέρως τα της θρησκείας των".
• Άρθρο 41 παρ. 1: "Εν ταις πόλεσι και περιφερείαις, ένθα διαμένει σημαντική αναλογία [μουσουλμάνων] υπηκόων, η [Ελληνική] Κυβέρνησις θα παρέχη ως προς την δημόσιαν εκπαίδευσιν, τας προσηκούσας ευκολίας προς εξασφάλισιν της εν τοις δημοτικοίς σχολείοις παροχής εν τη ιδία αυτών γλώσση, της διδασκαλίας εις τα τέκνα των εν λόγω [ελλήνων] υπηκόων. Η διάταξις αυτή δεν κωλύει την [Ελληνικήν] Κυβέρνησιν να καταστήση υποχρεωτικήν την διδασκαλίαν της [ελληνικής] γλώσσης εν τοις ειρημένοις σχολείοις".
• ΄Αρθρο 41 παρ. 2: "Εν ταις πόλεσι και περιφερείαις ένθα υπάρχει σημαντική αναλογία [Ελλήνων] υπηκόων ανηκόντων εις [μουσουλμανικάς] μειονότητας, θέλει εξασφαλισθή εις τας μειονότητας ταύτας δικαία συμμετοχή εις την διάθεσιν των χρηματικών ποσών, άτινα τυχόν θα εχορηγούντο εκ του δημοσίου χρήματος υπό του προϋπολογισμού του Κράτους ή των δημοτικών ή και λοιπών προϋπολογισμών επί εκπαιδευτικώ, θερησκευτικώ ή φιλανθρωπικώ σκοπώ".

Quotation in English: Article 40
Turkish nationals belonging to non-Moslem minorities shall enjoy the same treatment and security in law and in fact as other Turkish nationals. In particular, they shall have an equal right to establish, manage and control at their own expense, any charitable, religious and social institutions, any schools and other establishments for instruction and education, with the right to use their own language and to exercise their own religion freely therein.


Article 41
§ 1. As regards public instruction, the Greek Government will grant in those towns and districts, where a considerable proportion of Moslem nationals are resident, adequate facilities for ensuring that in the primary schools the instruction shall be given to the children of such Greek nationals through the medium of their own language. This provision will not prevent the Greek Government from making the teaching of the Greek language obligatory in the said schools.
§ 2. In towns and districts where there is a considerable proportion of Greek nationals belonging to Moslem minorities, these minorities shall be assured an equitable share in the enjoyment and application of the sums which may be provided out of public funds under the State, municipal or other budgets for educational, religious, or charitable purposes.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Treaty of Peace with Turkey signed at Lausanne (July 24, 1923), article 40, 41 § 1, 2.

3.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Authorized

3.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.4: The above regulations concern minority education in Western Thrace.

4. Instruction in and use of languages at university level

4.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official langauge(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction at university level?

Yes

4.1.1 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

4.1.2 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.1: It is the same law quoted in 2.2.1 concerning all the levels of general education

4.2 Are there any (national, regional, local, or other) regulations about the language in which bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral courses and programs should be taught?

No

4.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the language of instruction in university research programs?

No

4.2.2 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.2: Generally the language of instruction at all levels of the higher education is Greek. This, however, is not regulated by a law or a specific regualatory provision.

4.3 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.3.1 What percentage of the master’s programs in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.2 What percentage of the master’s programs for the humanities in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.3 What percentage of the master’s programs for social sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.4 What percentage of the master’s programs for mathematics and natural sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.4 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.4.1 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.2 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the humanities in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.3 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the social sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.4 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the mathematics and natural sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.5 Are there any regulations about the language in which a PhD (doctoral) dissertation should be written?

No

4.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

4.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation autorized?

4.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.6 If PhD dissertations can be written In English, is it compulsory to add a summary in the official language or one of the official languages of your country?

Yes

4.6.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

4.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.6: According to the 1566/1984 art 70 par 15, by which the National Documentation Centre was constituted the deposition of a PHD is compulsory in order to attain the title of dr. The National Documentation Centre states the submission of a summary in Greek if the PHD is written in another language.

4.7 Are there any established scientific journals in your country partly or fully published in the official language(s)?

Yes

4.7.1 In what scientific fields are those journals?

4.7.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.7: There are some valid scientific journals published in Greek but as Greek is a lesser used language these journals do not have an international impact

4.8 Do foreign students who wish to sign up for a course (conducted in your country’s official language) at a university in your country have to pass a language proficiency test (in your country´s official language) prior to registration?

Yes

4.8.1 How many universities selected under 4.3 require foreign students (seeking to sign up for a course conducted in your country’s official language) to pass a special language proficiency test (in your country’s official language) prior to registration?

4.8.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5. Media

5.1 Are there any daily papers written in a language other than your country’s official language(s) that are produced in your country and distributed nationwide or in a substantial part of the nation?

Yes

5.1.1 Please list the papers.

1. Name of the daily newspaper Athens News language English
2. Name of the daily newspaper La Tribune Hellénique language French
3. Name of the daily newspaper Griechenland Zeitung language German
4. Name of the daily newspaper Gazeta e Athines language Albanian
5. Name of the daily newspaper Ajala News language Pasto (e-journal)
6. Name of the daily newspaper Atinski Vesti language Bulgarian
7. Name of the daily newspaper Balita language English/ Philippino
8. Name of the daily newspaper Curierul Athenei language Romanian
9. Name of the daily newspaper OmohИia language Russian
10. Name of the daily newspaper Kurier Atenski language Polish
11. Name of the daily newspaper Awaz language Pasto
12. Name of the daily newspaper MK-Athens Courier language Russian
13. Name of the daily newspaper Azat Or language Armenian
14. Name of the daily newspaper Bulgarian Voice language Bulgarian

5.1.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.2 Has/have the official language(s) of your country a declared status as a medium of communication in the public service contracts with radio and/or TV broadcasters in your country?

No

5.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

5.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

5.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.3 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for adults?

5.3.1 Broadcast in original language

Rarely/never

5.3.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.3.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Rarely/never

5.3.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Mostly/always

5.3.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.3.6 Other:

5.3.7 Other:

5.4 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for children?

5.4.1 Broadcast in original language

Rarely/never

5.4.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.4.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Mostly/always

5.4.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Sometimes

5.4.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.4.6 Other:

5.4.7 Other:

5.4.8 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.5 Is there any legal/official regulation in your country concerning the amount of radio broadcasting popular and folk vocal music in the official language(s)?

No

5.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

5.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

5.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6. Business

6.1 Is there a legal/official regulation in your country concerning the use of languages in industry, commerce, business or other working environments?

No

6.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

6.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

6.1.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.2 In which languages are the companies´ annual reports written in your country? List the ten largest companies (by number of employees). The companies should have their main location in your country and be a major employer.

6.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 6.2: All companies' annual reports are written in Greek.

6.3 What are the official website languages of those ten companies?

6.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 6.3: The vast majority of companies in Greece use Greek and English as the languages of their websites.

7. Dissemination of official languages abroad

7.1 In how many foreign countries around the world (where your country’s language is not an official language) is there an opportunity of obtaining a master’s degree in your country’s official language as a field of study?

11-25 countries

7.1.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7.2 Please indicate the number of universities worldwide where students can obtain a master’s degree in your country’s official language. (Exclude countries where your official language is an official language.)

11-25 countries

7.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 7.1: Source: http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/foreign/guides/tuition/index.html√

7.3 Which languages are officially taught as foreign languages in your country’s primary and/or secondary schools?

English: Primary school / Secondary school

French: Primary school / Secondary school

German: Primary school / Secondary school

7.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

8. Language organisations

8.1 What are the most important public, non-governmental but publicly funded, and private organisations for your country’s official language(s) and for the other indigenous languages?

8.1.1

Name (official and English translation): Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας / Centre for the Greek Language

Language(s):: Greek

Mission: : Study of the Greek Language and its history, support and promotion of the Greek Language in Greece and abroad.

Relation to national government:: Under the auspices of the Ministry of Education

Activities:: Research, publication of books, production of lexicographical and literary tools (dictionaries, anthologies, concordances), educational projects, certification of attainment in Greek Language, implementation of an Internet portal

URL:: www.greeklanguage.gr

Comments:: The Centre for the Greek Language is a non profit legal entity, managed by a Board of directors, consisting of representatives from the Faculties of Arts and from the Ministries of Education, Culture and Foreign Affairs

Structure:: Public

8.1.2

ame (official and English translation): Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών [Ίδρυμα Μανόλη Τριανταφυλλίδη] / Institute for Modern Greek Studies [Manolis Triantaphyllidis Foundation]

Language(s):: Greek

Mission: : The advance of sciences and the promotion of Demotike language, Modern Greek philology and of Greek education.

Relation to national government:: none

Activities:: the publication of books concerning Greek language and Greek philology and literature

URL:: http://ins.web.auth.gr

Comments:: The Institute, located in Thessaloniki, was established in 1959 when Triantaphyllidis, one of the most important figures of demoticicm, bequeathed his property to the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki for this purpose. The Institute is managed by a Board of Directors, consisting mainly of professors from the Faculty of Philosophy, AUTh

Structure:: Public

8.1.3

ame (official and English translation): ): Ινστιτούτο Επεξεργασίας Λόγου / Institute for Language and Speech processing

Language(s):: Greek

Mission: : Its aim is to be a centre of excellence in basic and applied RND in the areas of (a) natural language processing, (b) speech processing, recognition and synthesis, music and sound processing and (d) e-learning

Relation to national government:: Under the auspices of General Secretariat of Research and Technology of the Ministry of Development

Activities:: Development of technologies on the following axes: digital corpora and dictionaries, text processing and analysis, machine translation, multimedia e-learning platforms, etc.

URL:: http://www.ilsp.gr

Structure:: Public

8.1.4

8.1.5

8.1.6

8.1.7

8.1.8

8.1.9

8.1.10 Feel free to add futher