Finland

1. General questions about your country and its languages

1.1 List each official language in your country, and mark if the language is officially used nationalwide or in certain regions of the country.

Language 1: Finnish

Language 2: Swedish

Use:: National

Use:: National

1.2 What percentage of the population uses the language as a first language?

Use in percentages:: >75%

Use in percentages:: 6-10%

1.3 In what language(s) are the Constitution and laws in your country written?

Language 1: Finnish

Language 2: Swedish

1.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.4 Are there languages, other than the official languages you mentioned under 1.2, that can be used in regional courts, regional parliaments, and/or regional administrations?

Yes

1.4.1 Which languages?

1.0: Saami languages

1.4.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and in english)

Original language: Finlex

English translation: Finlex

1.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.4: Finlex is a data base for Finnish law

1.5 Are there other autochthonous (indigenous) languages in your country, not mentioned in your answers to questions 1.1 to 1.4?

Yes

1.5.1 Which languages?

1.0: Karelian

2.0: Romani

1.5.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and inenglish)

Original language: Alueellisia kieliä tai vähemmistökieliä koskeva eurooppalainen peruskirja

English translation: European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

1.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.5: These two languages are autochthonous languages in Finland.

1.6 Which are the three main languages (in terms of number of users) spoken by first- and second-generation immigrants in your country?

1.0: Russian

2.0: Estonian

3.0: Somali

1.6.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.7(a) Except for your own country, in which other countries of the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

Country 1: Sweden (as a minority language)

Country 1: Sweden

1.7(b) In which countries outside the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

1.7(c) Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.8 Has your country ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages?

Yes

1.8.1 Which regional and/or minority languages does your country officially recognise?

Swedish, Saami languages (North Saami, Inari Saami, Skolt Saami)

1.8.2 What reservations concerning the charter were raised by your country?

Finland declares, according to Article 2, paragraph 2, and Article 3, paragraph 1, that it applies the Sámi language which is a regional or minority language the provisions of Part III of the Charter.
Finland declares, according to Article 2, paragraph 2, and Article 3, paragraph 1, that it applies the Swedish language which is the less widely used official language in Finland the provisions of Part III of the Charter.
Finland declares, referring to Article 7, paragraph 5, that it undertakes to apply, mutatis mutandis, the principles listed in paragraphs 1 to 4 of the said Article to the Romanes and the Karelian languages and to the other non-territorial languages in Finland.

1.8.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.8: According to the amendment of the Decree regarding the Karelian language, adopted on 27 November 2009 and in effect as of 4 December 2009, Finland applies the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages to the Karelian language to the extent it has ratified the Charter. (THE FOURTH PERIODIC REPORT OF FINLAND
ON THE APPLICATION OF
THE EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL
OR MINORITY LANGUAGES
SEPTEMBER 2010

1.9 Has your country signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities?

Yes

1.9.1 What provisions relating to this Convention were made by your country?

No special provisions.

1.9.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.9: Finland has given four reports since the adoption of the Framework Convention and described how the country has taken acccount the previous recommendations.

2. Specific legal regulations

2.1 Does the Constitution of your country state what the official/national/main languages are?

Yes

2.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the Constitution in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Original language: In Finnish: 17 § Oikeus omaan kieleen ja kulttuuriin
Suomen kansalliskielet ovat suomi ja ruotsi.
Jokaisen oikeus käyttää tuomioistuimessa ja muussa viranomaisessa asiassaan omaa kieltään, joko suomea tai ruotsia, sekä saada toimituskirjansa tällä kielellä turvataan lailla. Julkisen vallan on huolehdittava maan suomen- ja ruotsinkielisen väestön sivistyksellisistä ja yhteiskunnallisista tarpeista samanlaisten perusteiden mukaan.


In Swedish: 17 § Rätt till eget språk och egen kultur
Finlands nationalspråk är finska och svenska.
Vars och ens rätt att hos domstol och andra myndigheter i egen sak använda sitt eget språk, antingen finska eller svenska, samt att få expeditioner på detta språk skall tryggas genom lag. Det allmänna skall tillgodose landets finskspråkiga och svenskspråkiga befolknings kulturella och samhälleliga behov enligt lika grunder.

English translation: The national languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish.
The right of everyone to use his or her own language, either Finnish or Swedish, before courts of law and other authorities, and to receive official documents in that language, shall be guaranteed by an Act. The public
authorities shall provide for the cultural and societal needs of the Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking populations of the country on an equal basis.

2.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.1.3 Comments on 2.1.1

2.2 Is there a language law stipulating what language is (or what languages are) to be used in official matters?

Yes

2.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the language law(s) in the original language and in English including the exact reference.

Original language: 1 § Kansalliskielet
Suomen kansalliskielet ovat suomi ja ruotsi.
1 § Nationalspråken
Finlands nationalspråk är finska och svenska.

English translation: Section 1 — National languages
The national languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish.

2.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.2.3 Comments on 2.2.1

2.2.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.3 Is there any legislation other than the Constitution or a language law that defines the use of language(s) in government, public administration and/or judiciary institutions?

Yes

2.3.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.3.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.3.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.3: See 2.1.1 and 2.2.1

2.4 Does your country have a compulsory test or examination that includes a language test in (one of) the national/official language(s) which has to be passed in order to obtain citizenship?

Yes

2.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 6) hänellä on suomen tai ruotsin kielen tyydyttävä suullinen ja kirjallinen taito tai näiden sijasta vastaavan tasoinen suomalaisen tai suomenruotsalaisen viittomakielen taito (kielitaitoedellytys).
6) har nöjaktig förmåga att i tal och skrift använda finska eller svenska eller i stället har motsvarande kunskaper i finskt eller finlandssvenskt teckenspråk (språkkunskapsvillkor).

Quotation in English: 6) he or she has satisfactory oral and written skills in the Finnish or Swedish language, or
instead of oral skills similar skills in the Finnish sign language (language skills
requirement).

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Kansalaisuuslaki 359/2003, 13 §, 16.5.2003
Medborgarskapslag 359/2003 13, 16.5.2003
Nationality Act 359/2003, 13 §, 16.5.2003

2.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

2.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.5 Does your country offer instruction with regard to which national/official language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain citizenship?

Yes

2.5.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 2.5: See 2.4.1

2.6 Does your country have a compulsory examination or test with regard to which (one of the) national language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain permanent residency (i.e. without becoming a citizen of your country)?

No

2.6.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.7 Does the government of your country provide instruction, with regard to which (one of the) national/official language(s) have to be masted in order to obtain permanent residency?

Yes

2.7.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.7.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.7.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

See 2.4.1

3. Instruction in and use of languages in primary and secondary education

3.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as a medium of instruction in primary schools?

Yes

3.1.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 10 § Opetuskieli
Koulun opetuskieli ja muualla kuin koulussa järjestettävässä opetuksessa käytettävä kieli on joko suomi tai ruotsi. Opetuskielenä voi olla myös saame, romani tai viittomakieli. Lisäksi osa opetuksesta voidaan antaa muulla kuin edellä mainitulla oppilaan omalla kielellä, jos se ei vaaranna oppilaan mahdollisuuksia seurata opetusta. (23.12.1999/1288)
10 § Undervisningsspråk
Skolans undervisningsspråk och det språk som används i undervisning som ordnas på annan plats än i skolan är antingen finska eller svenska. Undervisningsspråket kan också vara samiska, rommani eller teckenspråk. Dessutom kan en del av undervisningen meddelas på något annat språk än elevens egna ovan nämnda språk, om detta inte äventyrar elevens möjligheter att följa undervisningen. (23.12.1999/1288)

Quotation in English: Section 10
Language of instruction
1. The language of instruction and the language used in extracurricular teaching shall be
either Finnish or Swedish. The language of instruction may also be Saami, Roma or
sign language. In addition, part of teaching may be given in a language other than the pupils' native language referred to above, provided that this does not risk the pupils' ability to follow teaching. (Amendment 1288/1999)

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Perusopetuslaki / Lag om grundläggande utbildning 21.8.1998/628
Basic Education Act

3.1.2 Please state which languages are used as mediums of language instruction.

3.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in primary schools?

No

3.2.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.3 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

Yes

3.3.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 6 § Opetuskieli
Lukiokoulutuksessa oppilaitoksen opetuskieli on joko suomi tai ruotsi. Opetuskielenä voi olla myös saame, romani tai viittomakieli. Lisäksi osa opetuksesta voidaan antaa muulla kuin edellä mainitulla opiskelijan omalla kielellä, jos se ei vaaranna opiskelijan mahdollisuutta seurata opetusta.
6 § Undervisningsspråk
I gymnasieutbildningen är läroanstaltens undervisningsspråk antingen finska eller svenska. Undervisningsspråket kan också vara samiska, rommani eller teckenspråk. Dessutom kan en del av undervisningen meddelas på något annat än studerandens egna ovan nämnda språk, om detta inte äventyrar studerandes möjligheter att följa undervisningen.

Quotation in English: Section 6
Language of instruction
1. The language of instruction and the language used in extracurricular teaching shall be
either Finnish or Swedish. The language of instruction may also be Saame, Roma or sign language. In addition, part of teaching may be given in a language other than the pupils' native language referred to above, provided that this does no risk the pupils' ability to follow teaching.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Lukiolaki / Gymnasielag 21.8.1998/629

3.3.2 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

3.3.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.3.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.4 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

No

3.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4. Instruction in and use of languages at university level

4.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official langauge(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction at university level?

Yes

4.1.1 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

4.1.2 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 11 §
Opetus- ja tutkintokielet


Helsingin yliopiston ja Taideyliopiston opetus- ja tutkintokielet ovat suomi ja ruotsi. Aalto-yliopiston opetus- ja tutkintokieleen sovelletaan vastaavasti, mitä sen muodostaneiden yliopistojen tutkintokielestä säädetään yliopistolain (645/1997) 9 §:ssä. Åbo Akademin ja Svenska handelshögskolanin sekä Helsingin yliopiston Svenska social- och kommunalhögskolanin opetus- ja tutkintokieli on ruotsi. Muiden yliopistojen opetus- ja tutkintokieli on suomi. (29.6.2012/414)


Yliopisto voi päättää lisäksi muun kielen kuin 1 momentin mukaisen opetus- ja tutkintokielensä käyttämisestä opetus- ja tutkintokielenä ja opintosuorituksissa.
11 §
Undervisnings- och examensspråk


Undervisnings- och examensspråken vid Helsingfors universitet och Konstuniversitetet är finska och svenska. På undervisnings- och examensspråken vid Aalto-universitetet tillämpas på motsvarande sätt bestämmelserna i 9 § i universitetslagen (645/1997) om examensspråken vid de universitet som bildar nämnda universitet. Undervisnings- och examensspråket vid Åbo Akademi och Svenska handelshögskolan samt Svenska social- och kommunalhögskolan vid Helsingfors universitet är svenska. Undervisnings- och examensspråket vid de övriga universiteten är finska. (29.6.2012/414)


Ett universitet kan besluta att också andra språk än de undervisnings- och examensspråk som anges i 1 mom. används som undervisnings- och examensspråk och i studieprestationerna.

Quotation in English: Section 11. Languages of instruction and examination
1. The languages of instruction and examination in the University of Helsinki, the Academy of Fine Arts, Sibelius Academy and the Theatre Academy shall be Finnish and Swedish. The language of instruction and examination in Aalto University shall be governed by the provisions on the language of instruction and examination of its constituent Schools in Section 9 of the Universities Act of 1997 (645/1997). The language of instruction and examination of Åbo Akademi University, Hanken School of Economics, and the Swedish School of Social Science of the University of Helsinki shall be Swedish. The language of instruction in other universities shall be Finnish.
2. In addition, the university may decide to use a language other than that referred to in subsection 1 as a language of instruction and examination.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Yliopistolaki 24.7.2009/558
Universitetslag 24.7.2009/558
Universities Act 24.7.2009/558

4.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.2 Are there any (national, regional, local, or other) regulations about the language in which bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral courses and programs should be taught?

Yes

4.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

See 4.1.1

4.2.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the language of instruction in university research programs?

Yes

4.2.2 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

See 4.1.1

4.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.3 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.3.1 What percentage of the master’s programs in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 26-50%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.2 What percentage of the master’s programs for the humanities in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.3 What percentage of the master’s programs for social sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 0-25%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.4 What percentage of the master’s programs for mathematics and natural sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 51-75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.3: There is no exact and systematic information from all of the universities in Finland. These are estimates based on various sources.

4.4 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.4.1 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in your country that are written in English?

Between 51-75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.2 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the humanities in your country that are written in English?

Between 26-50%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.3 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the social sciences in your country that are written in English?

Between 26-50%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.4 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the mathematics and natural sciences in your country that are written in English?

More than 75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.4: By estimation.

4.5 Are there any regulations about the language in which a PhD (doctoral) dissertation should be written?

Yes

4.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Eri yliopistojen kielistrategiat
Universitetens egna språkstrategier

Quotation in English: Language strategies of the different universities

4.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation autorized?

4.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.6 If PhD dissertations can be written In English, is it compulsory to add a summary in the official language or one of the official languages of your country?

Yes

4.6.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

4.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.6: See previous answer

4.7 Are there any established scientific journals in your country partly or fully published in the official language(s)?

Yes

4.7.1 In what scientific fields are those journals?

4.7.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.8 Do foreign students who wish to sign up for a course (conducted in your country’s official language) at a university in your country have to pass a language proficiency test (in your country´s official language) prior to registration?

No

4.8.1 How many universities selected under 4.3 require foreign students (seeking to sign up for a course conducted in your country’s official language) to pass a special language proficiency test (in your country’s official language) prior to registration?

Persentage: 0

Number: 0

4.8.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5. Media

5.1 Are there any daily papers written in a language other than your country’s official language(s) that are produced in your country and distributed nationwide or in a substantial part of the nation?

No

5.1.1 Please list the papers.

5.1.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.2 Has/have the official language(s) of your country a declared status as a medium of communication in the public service contracts with radio and/or TV broadcasters in your country?

Yes

5.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 7 § (19.8.2005/635) Julkinen palvelu
Yhtiön tehtävänä on tuoda täyden palvelun televisio- ja radio-ohjelmisto siihen liittyvine oheis- ja lisäpalveluineen jokaisen saataville yhtäläisin ehdoin. Näitä ja muita julkiseen palveluun liittyviä sisältöpalveluja voidaan tarjota kaikissa televerkoissa.
Julkisen palvelun ohjelmatoiminnan tulee erityisesti: --
4) kohdella ohjelmatoiminnassa yhtäläisin perustein suomen- ja ruotsinkielistä väestöä, tuottaa palveluja saamen, romanin ja viittomakielellä sekä soveltuvin osin myös maan muiden kieliryhmien kielellä;
5) tukea suvaitsevaisuutta ja monikulttuurisuutta sekä huolehtia ohjelmatarjonnasta myös vähemmistö- ja erityisryhmille;
7 § (19.8.2005/635) Allmännyttig verksamhet
Bolagets uppgift är att tillhandahålla ett heltäckande televisions- och radioprogramutbud jämte special- och tilläggstjänster för alla på lika villkor. Dessa och andra innehållstjänster som ansluter sig till den allmännyttiga verksamheten kan tillhandahållas i alla telenät.
Den programverksamhet som bedrivs i allmännyttigt syfte skall särskilt --
4) behandla den finskspråkiga och svenskspråkiga befolkningen på lika grunder i programverksamheten samt tillhandahålla tjänster på samiska, romani och teckenspråk och i tillämpliga delar även för andra språkgrupper i landet,
5) stödja tolerans och kulturell mångfald samt sörja för programutbud även för minoriteter och specialgrupper, --

Quotation in English: Section 7 (635/2005) Public service


The company shall be responsible for the provision of comprehensive television and radio programming with the related additional and extra services for all citizens under equal conditions. These and other content
services related to public service may be provided in all telecommunications
networks.


The public service programming shall in particular: --


4) treat in its broadcasting Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking citizens on equal grounds and produce services in the Sami, Romany, and sign
languages as well as, where applicable, in the languages of other language groups in the country;


5); support tolerance and multiculturalism and provide programming for minority and special groups;

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Laki Yleisradio Oy:stä / Lag om Rundradion Ab 22.12.1993/1380
Act on Yleisradio Oy (Finnish Broadcasting Company)

5.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

5.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.3 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for adults?

5.3.1 Broadcast in original language

Sometimes

5.3.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.3.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Rarely/never

5.3.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Mostly/always

5.3.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.3.6 Other:

5.3.7 Other:

5.4 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for children?

5.4.1 Broadcast in original language

Sometimes

5.4.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.4.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Sometimes

5.4.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Sometimes

5.4.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.4.6 Other:

5.4.7 Other:

5.4.8 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.5 Is there any legal/official regulation in your country concerning the amount of radio broadcasting popular and folk vocal music in the official language(s)?

Yes

5.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 7 § (19.8.2005/635)
Julkinen palvelu


Julkisen palvelun ohjelmatoiminnan tulee erityisesti:
--
2) tuottaa, luoda, kehittää ja säilyttää kotimaista kulttuuria, taidetta ja virikkeellistä viihdettä; (10.8.2012/474)


Den programverksamhet som bedrivs i allmännyttigt syfte skall särskilt
--
2) producera, skapa, utveckla och bevara inhemsk kultur, konst och stimulerande underhållning, (10.8.2012/474)

Quotation in English: Section 7 (635/2005)
The public service programming shall in particular:
--
2) produce, create and develop Finnish culture, art and inspiring
entertainment;

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Laki Yleisradio Oy:stä / Lag om Rundradion Ab 22.12.1993/1380
Act on Yleisradio Oy 1380/1993, Translation completed: 14.08.2002

5.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

5.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6. Business

6.1 Is there a legal/official regulation in your country concerning the use of languages in industry, commerce, business or other working environments?

Yes

6.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: 24 § Liikelaitoksen sekä valtion ja kunnan yhtiön kielelliset palvelut
Valtion liikelaitoksen sekä sellaisen palvelua tuottavan yhtiön, jossa valtiolla taikka yhdellä tai useammalla kaksikielisellä kunnalla taikka erikielisillä kunnilla on määräämisvalta, on annettava palvelua ja tiedotettava suomeksi ja ruotsiksi toiminnan laadun ja asiayhteyden edellyttämässä laajuudessa ja tavalla, jota kokonaisuutena arvioiden ei voida pitää yhtiön kannalta kohtuuttomana. Valtion liikelaitoksen hoitaessa viranomaistehtävää siihen sovelletaan, mitä tässä laissa säädetään viranomaisesta.
Sen lisäksi, mitä 1 momentissa säädetään, liikelaitosten ja yhtiöiden on noudatettava, mitä niiden harjoittamassa toiminnassa annettavasta kielellisestä palvelusta erikseen säädetään.
25 § Yksityisten kielellinen palveluvelvollisuus
Jos julkinen hallintotehtävä on lailla tai lain nojalla säädetty yksityiselle, sitä koskee sen hoitaessa tätä tehtävää, mitä tässä laissa säädetään viranomaisesta. Jos tehtävän vastaanottaja määräytyy viranomaisen päätöksen tai muun toimenpiteen taikka viranomaisen ja vastaanottajan välisen sopimuksen perusteella, viranomaisen on varmistettava, että tehtävää hoidettaessa annetaan tämän lain mukaista kielellistä palvelua. Tämä tulee myös varmistaa viranomaisen antaessa muun kuin julkisen hallintotehtävän yksityisen hoidettavaksi, jos tämän lain edellyttämän palvelutason ylläpitäminen sitä vaatii.
24 § Språklig service vid affärsverk samt statliga och kommunala bolag
Statliga affärsverk samt sådana tjänsteproducerande bolag där staten eller en eller flera tvåspråkiga kommuner eller kommuner med olika språk har bestämmanderätt skall betjäna och informera allmänheten på finska och svenska i den omfattning det behövs med tanke på verksamhetens art och saksammanhanget och på ett sätt som enligt en helhetsbedömning inte kan anses oskäligt för bolaget. När statliga affärsverk sköter myndighetsuppgifter skall på dem tillämpas det som i denna lag sägs om myndigheter.
Utöver det som föreskrivs i 1 mom. skall affärsverken och bolagen iaktta vad som separat föreskrivs om språklig service i deras verksamhet.
25 § Enskildas skyldighet att ge språklig service
När en offentlig förvaltningsuppgift genom lag eller med stöd av lag hör till en enskild, gäller för denne i uppdraget det som i denna lag sägs om myndigheter. Om en sådan uppgift uppdras åt en enskild med stöd av ett beslut eller någon annan åtgärd av en myndighet eller ett avtal mellan myndigheten och den enskilde, skall myndigheten försäkra sig om att den enskilde i uppdraget ger sådan språklig service som förutsätts i denna lag. Myndigheten skall försäkra sig om detta också när den anförtror en enskild någon annan uppgift än en offentlig förvaltningsuppgift, om detta är nödvändigt för att upprätthålla den servicenivå som lagen förutsätter.

Quotation in English: Section 24 — Linguistic services of a public enterprise and a State and
municipal company


(1) A public enterprise and a service-producing company in which the State or one or more bilingual municipalities or municipalities using different languages exert authority shall provide services and information in Finnish and Swedish to the extent and manner required by the nature of the activity and its substantive connections and which in view of the
totality cannot be deemed unreasonable from the point of view of the company. What is provided in this Act regarding authorities applies to a State company that attends to a function of an authority.


(2) In addition to what is provided in subsection 1, public enterprises and companies shall comply with what is provided separately on the linguistic services that are to be given in their activity.


Section 25 — The obligation of a private individual to provide linguistic services
If a public administrative task has been assigned by or under law to a private individual, the provisions of this Act on an authority apply to the said private individual in attending to this task. If the recipient of the task is determined on the basis of a decision or other action of an authority or on the basis of an agreement between an authority and the recipient, the
authority shall ensure that linguistic services are provided in accordance with this Act in the performance of the task. This shall also be ensured when an authority assigns other than a public administrative task to a private individual, if the maintenance of the level of service required by this Act so demands.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Kielilaki / Språklag 6.6.2003/423
Language Act

6.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

6.1.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.2 In which languages are the companies´ annual reports written in your country? List the ten largest companies (by number of employees). The companies should have their main location in your country and be a major employer.

Company name and status:: Nokia P

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish

Company name and status:: Kone P

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish, Swedish

Company name and status:: Metso PSO

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish

Company name and status:: Stora Enso PSO

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish

Company name and status:: Itella SO

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English

Company name and status:: YIT P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish

Company name and status:: UPM-Kymmene P

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish

Company name and status:: PC-Group P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English

Company name and status:: Kesko P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English

Company name and status:: Wärtsilä P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English

6.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.3 What are the official website languages of those ten companies?

Company name and status:: Nokia P

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish and dozens of other languages

Company name and status:: Kone P

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish and dozens of other languages

Company name and status:: Metso PSO

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish

Company name and status:: Stora Enso PSO

Rated use of languages:: English, Finnish

Company name and status:: Itella SO

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English, Swedish

Company name and status:: YIT P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish

Company name and status:: UPM-Kymmene P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

Company name and status:: PKC-Group P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English, Portuguese, Chinese

Company name and status:: Kesko P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English, Swedish, German, French, Russian, Italian

Company name and status:: Wärtsilä P

Rated use of languages:: Finnish, English

6.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7. Dissemination of official languages abroad

7.1 In how many foreign countries around the world (where your country’s language is not an official language) is there an opportunity of obtaining a master’s degree in your country’s official language as a field of study?

26-50 countries

7.1.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7.2 Please indicate the number of universities worldwide where students can obtain a master’s degree in your country’s official language. (Exclude countries where your official language is an official language.)

11-25 countries

7.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7.3 Which languages are officially taught as foreign languages in your country’s primary and/or secondary schools?

Chinese: Primary school / Secondary school

English: Primary school / Secondary school

Estonian: Primary school / Secondary school

Finnish: Primary school / Secondary school

French: Primary school / Secondary school

German: Primary school / Secondary school

Italian: Secondary school

Portugese: Secondary school

Russian: Primary school / Secondary school

Spanish: Secondary school

Swedish: Primary school / Secondary school

Added language: Latin

Foreign language taught in primary or secondary schoo: : Secondary school

7.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

8. Language organisations

8.1 What are the most important public, non-governmental but publicly funded, and private organisations for your country’s official language(s) and for the other indigenous languages?

8.1.1

Name (official and English translation): Kotimaisten kielten keskus / Institutet för de inhemska språken / The Institute for the Languages of Finland

Language(s):: Public

Mission: : The Institute for the Languages of Finland (Kotus) is a linguistic research institution tasked with the mission of fostering knowledge about the languages of Finland and their status in our culture and society, thereby building the foundations for linguistic equality in Finland.

Relation to national government:: The Institute for the Languages of Finland is an institute of expertise under the auspices of the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. Its activities are laid down by the Act on the Institute for the Languages of Finland 1403/2011, which has replaced the Act on the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland of 1976 (48/1976, 591/1996) (www.finlex.fi). The Institute’s activities are supported by the Council of the Institute for the Languages of Finland.

Activities:: The Institute for the Languages of Finland


* Is the leading language planning authority, steering and developing the Finnish and Finland Swedish standard languages.


* Coordinates the activities of the Sami, Romani, and the Finnish Sign Language Boards.


* Compiles mono- and multilingual dictionaries of the languages that belong to its sphere of activities.


* Supports language planning and dictionary compilation by studying Finnish and Swedish from many perspectives: vocabulary, language use in different situations, different texts, the past and present of the languages, their variation and established qualities.


* Provides linguistic guidance and counselling services;


* Offers researchers access to its archives, corpora and extensive library resources.

URL:: http://www.kotus.fi, http://www.sprakinstitutet.fi

Structure:: Public

8.1.2

8.1.3

8.1.4

8.1.5

8.1.6

8.1.7

8.1.8

8.1.9

8.1.10 Feel free to add futher