1. General questions about your country and its languages

1.1 List each official language in your country, and mark if the language is officially used nationalwide or in certain regions of the country.

Language 1: Dutch

Use:: National

1.2 What percentage of the population uses the language as a first language?

Use in percentages:: >75%

1.3 In what language(s) are the Constitution and laws in your country written?

Language 1: Dutch

1.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.4 Are there languages, other than the official languages you mentioned under 1.2, that can be used in regional courts, regional parliaments, and/or regional administrations?

Yes

1.4.1 Which languages?

1.0: Fries

1.4.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and in english)

Original language: www.fryske-akademy.nl

English translation: www.fryske-akademy.nl/index.php?L=2&id=18

1.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.5 Are there other autochthonous (indigenous) languages in your country, not mentioned in your answers to questions 1.1 to 1.4?

Yes

1.5.1 Which languages?

1.0: Limburgs

2.0: Nedersaksisch

1.5.2 Paste relevant sources here (in original language and inenglish)

Original language: www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/erkende-talen

English translation: http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/docs/AppliedToLanguages/Limburger_in_the_Netherlands_chP2NT.pdf
http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/languages/L-LowerSaxon_in_the_Netherlands.htm

1.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.5: Both are regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

1.6 Which are the three main languages (in terms of number of users) spoken by first- and second-generation immigrants in your country?

1.0: Turkish

2.0: Arab

3.0: Berber languages

1.6.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.7(a) Except for your own country, in which other countries of the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

Country 1: Belgium

1.7(b) In which countries outside the European Union is/are your official language(s) also regarded as an official language?

Country 1 (outside the European Union): Suriname

Country 2 (outside the European Union): Curacao

Country 3 (outside the European Union): Aruba

Country 4 (outside the European Union): Sint - Maarten

1.7(c) Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

1.8 Has your country ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages?

Yes

1.8.1 Which regional and/or minority languages does your country officially recognise?

Fries, Limburgs, Nedersaksisch, Sinti Romanes Yiddish

1.8.2 What reservations concerning the charter were raised by your country?

Declaration contained in the instrument of acceptance, deposited on 2 May 1996 - Or. Engl.


The Kingdom of the Netherlands accepts the said Charter for the Kingdom in Europe.
Period covered: 1/3/1998 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s) : -




Declarations contained in a Note Verbale handed over by the Permanent Representative of the Netherlands at the time of deposit of the instrument of acceptance, on 2 May 1996 - Or. Engl.


The Kingdom of the Netherlands declares, in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 2, and Article 3, paragraph 1, of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, that it will apply to the Frisian language in the province of Friesland the following provisions of Part III of the Charter:


In Article 8:
Paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs a (ii), b (ii), c (iii), e (ii), f (i), g, h, i.
Paragraph 2.


In Article 9:
Paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs a (ii), a (iii), b (iii), c (ii), c (iii).
Paragraph 2, sub-paragraph b.


In Article 10:
Paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs a (v), c.
Paragraph 2, sub-paragraphs a, b, c, d, e, f, g.
Paragraph 4, sub-paragraphs a, c.
Paragraph 5.


In Article 11:
Paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs a (iii), b (ii), c (ii), f (ii).
Paragraph 2.


In Article 12:
Paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs a, b, d, e, f, g, h.
Paragraph 2.
Paragraph 3.


In Article 13:
Paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs a, c, d.
Paragraph 2, sub-paragraphs b, c.


In Article 14:
Paragraph a.
Paragraph b.


The Kingdom of the Netherlands further declares that the principles enumerated in Part II of the Charter will be applied to the Lower-Saxon languages used in the Netherlands, and, in accordance with Article 7, paragraph 5, to Yiddish and the Romanes languages.
Period covered: 1/3/1998 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s) : 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9




Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands, dated 18 March 1997, registered at the Secretariat General on 19 March 1997 - Or. Engl.


The Kingdom of the Netherlands declares, in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1, of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 5 November 1992, that the principles enumerated in Part II of the Charter will be applied to the Limburger language used in the Netherlands.
Period covered: 1/3/1998 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s) : 2

1.8.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.8: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG
http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBV0001223/geldigheidsdatum_04-01-2010

1.9 Has your country signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities?

Yes

1.9.1 What provisions relating to this Convention were made by your country?

deposited with the instrument of acceptance, on 16 February 2005 - Or. Engl.


The Kingdom of the Netherlands will apply the Framework Convention to the Frisians.
Period covered: 1/6/2005 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s) : -




Declaration contained in a Note verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands deposited with the instrument of acceptance, on 16 February 2005 - Or. Engl.


The Government of the Netherlands assumes that the protection afforded by Article 10, paragraph 3, does not differ, despite the variations in wording, from that afforded by Article 5, paragraph 2, and Article 6, paragraph 3 (a) and (e), of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Period covered: 1/6/2005 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s) : 10




Declaration contained in the instrument of acceptance deposited on 16 February 2005 - Or. Engl.


The Kingdom of the Netherlands accepts the Framework Convention for the Kingdom in Europe.
Period covered: 1/6/2005 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s) : 30

1.9.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 1.9: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?NT=157&CL=ENG


http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/157.htm

2. Specific legal regulations

2.1 Does the Constitution of your country state what the official/national/main languages are?

No

2.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the Constitution in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.1.3 Comments on 2.1.1

2.2 Is there a language law stipulating what language is (or what languages are) to be used in official matters?

No

2.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) of the language law(s) in the original language and in English including the exact reference.

2.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.2.3 Comments on 2.2.1

2.2.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.3 Is there any legislation other than the Constitution or a language law that defines the use of language(s) in government, public administration and/or judiciary institutions?

Yes

2.3.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.3.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.3.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.4 Does your country have a compulsory test or examination that includes a language test in (one of) the national/official language(s) which has to be passed in order to obtain citizenship?

Yes

2.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Rijkswet van 19 december 1984, houdende vaststelling van nieuwe, algemene bepalingen omtrent het Nederlanderschap ter vervanging van de Wet van 12 december 1892, Stb. 268 op het Nederlanderschap en het ingezetenschap
H.4 Verlening van het Nederlanderschap
Artikel 8
1.Voor verlening van het Nederlanderschap overeenkomstig artikel 7 komt slechts in aanmerking de verzoeker
(…)
d. die in de Nederlandse, Nederlands-Antilliaanse of Arubaanse samenleving als ingeburgerd kan worden beschouwd op grond van het feit dat hij beschikt over een bij algemene maatregel van rijksbestuur te bepalen mate van kennis van de Nederlandse taal, dan wel – indien hij in de Nederlandse-Antillen of Aruba hoofdverblijf heeft – de taal die op het eiland van hoofdverblijf naast het Nederlands gangbaar is, alsmede van de Nederlandse, Nederlands-Antilliaanse of Arubaanse staatsinrichting en maatschappij, en hij zich ook overigens in de Nederlandse, Nederlandse-Antilliaanse of Arubaanse samenleving heeft doen opnemen;


BESLUIT van 15 april 2002, houdende regels ter uitvoering van artikel 8, eerste lid, aanhef en onder d, van de Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap (Besluit naturalisatietoets)
Artikel 2
2. Of hij beschikt over de mate van kennis van de taal alsmede van de staatsinrichting en maatschappij, bedoeld in het eerste lid, wordt vastgesteld aan de hand van een door Onze Minister op te stellen naturalisatietoets. Onze Minister stelt de naturalisatietoets voor de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba vast na overleg met de Minister van Justitie van de Nederlandse Antillen onderscheidenlijk de Minister van Justitie van Aruba.
3. De toets van de kennis van de taal omvat een onderzoek naar:
a. spreekvaardigheid;
b. luistervaardigheid;
c. schrijfvaardigheid;
d. leesvaardigheid; en

Quotation in English: Chapter 4 Granting Dutch citizenship
Section 8
1. Eligible for attaining Dutch citizenship in accordance with section 7, is only the
(…)
d. who can be regarded as integrated in the Dutch, Dutch-Antillean or Aruban society on grounds of the fact that he commands a certain amount of knowledge of the Dutch language, to be determined by Order in Council, or -if he resides in the Dutch-Antilles or Aruba- of the language, other than Dutch, prevalent at the island of residence, as well as knowledge of the Dutch, Dutch-Antillean or Aruban political organisation and society, and he has let himself been integrated in the Dutch, Dutch-Antillean or Aruban society;


Section 2
2. Whether he commands the amount of knowledge of the Dutch language, as well as the political organisation and society, meant in the first paragraph, is determined on the basis of a naturalization test to be compiled by Our Minister. Our Minister determines the naturalization test for the Dutch Antilles and Aruba after consultation with the Minister of Justice of the Dutch Antilles, or alternatively the Minister of Justice of Aruba.
3. The test of knowledge of the language comprehends an investigation into:
a. speaking skills;
b. listening skills;
c. writing skills;
d. reading skills; and
e. in the Netherlands: conversational skills

2.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.5 Does your country offer instruction with regard to which national/official language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain citizenship?

No

2.5.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.6 Does your country have a compulsory examination or test with regard to which (one of the) national language(s) have to be mastered in order to obtain permanent residency (i.e. without becoming a citizen of your country)?

Yes

2.6.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Inburgeringsplichtig is de vreemdeling, die rechtmatig verblijf verkrijgt in de zin van artikel 8, onderdelen a en c, van de Vreemdelingenwet 2000, die:


De inburgeringsplichtige verwerft binnen drie jaar mondelinge en schriftelijke vaardigheden in de Nederlandse taal op ten minste het niveau A2 van het Europese Raamwerk voor Moderne Vreemde Talen en kennis van de Nederlandse samenleving.
De inburgeringsplichtige heeft aan de inburgeringsplicht voldaan indien hij:
het door Onze Minister vastgestelde examen heeft behaald, of
een diploma, certificaat of ander document, bedoeld in artikel 5, eerste lid, onderdeel c, heeft behaald.


• Artikel 3
o 1.Inburgeringsplichtig is de vreemdeling, die rechtmatig verblijf verkrijgt in de zin van artikel 8, onderdelen a en c, van de Vreemdelingenwet 2000, die:






Artikel 7
• 1.De inburgeringsplichtige verwerft binnen drie jaar mondelinge en schriftelijke vaardigheden in de Nederlandse taal op ten minste het niveau A2 van het Europese Raamwerk voor Moderne Vreemde Talen en kennis van de Nederlandse samenleving.
• 2.De inburgeringsplichtige heeft aan de inburgeringsplicht voldaan indien hij:
o a.het door Onze Minister vastgestelde examen heeft behaald, of
o b.een diploma, certificaat of ander document, bedoeld in artikel 5, eerste lid, onderdeel c, heeft behaald.

Quotation in English: To be eligible for permanent residence one has to be able to read, write, speak and understand Dutch. One must prove this by taking a civic integration examination. One has tot complete a civic integration course (at A2-level) or attain another diploma you will be eligible for an exemption.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Wet van 30 november 2006, houdende regels inzake inburgering in de Nederlandse samenleving (Wet inburgering) Hoofdstuk 2. Inburgeringsplicht artikel 3 en 4

2.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

2.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

2.7 Does the government of your country provide instruction, with regard to which (one of the) national/official language(s) have to be masted in order to obtain permanent residency?

No

2.7.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

2.7.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

2.7.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3. Instruction in and use of languages in primary and secondary education

3.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as a medium of instruction in primary schools?

Yes

3.1.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: WET van 2 juli 1981, houdende Wet op het basisonderwijs
Artikel 9. Inhoud onderwijs
(...)
8.Het onderwijs wordt gegeven in het Nederlands. Daar waar naast de Nederlandse taal, de Friese taal of een streektaal in levend gebruik is, kan de Friese taal of de streektaal mede als voertaal bij het onderwijs worden gebruikt. Voor de opvang in en de aansluiting bij het Nederlandse onderwijs van leerlingen met een niet-Nederlandse culturele achtergrond kan de taal van het land van oorsprong mede als voertaal bij het onderwijs worden gebruikt, overeenkomstig een door het bevoegd gezag vastgestelde gedragscode.
WET van 14 februari 1963 tot regeling van het voortgezet onderwijs
Artikel 6a. Taal
Het onderwijs wordt gegeven en de examens worden afgenomen in het Nederlands. In afwijking van de eerste volzin kan een andere taal worden gebezigd:
a. wanneer het onderwijs met betrekking tot die taal betreft, of
b. indien de specifieke aard, de inrichting of de kwaliteit van het onderwijs dan wel de herkomst van de deelnemers daartoe noodzaakt, overeenkomstig een door het bevoegd gezag vastgestelde gedragscode.


Artikel 11e. Fries
1.Op scholen in de provincie Fryslân wordt met inachtneming van de daarvoor vastgestelde kerndoelen tevens onderwijs gegeven in de Friese taal en cultuur, tenzij Gedeputeerde Staten op verzoek van het bevoegd gezag ontheffing van deze verplichting hebben verleend.
2.Bij algemene maatregel van bestuur worden kerndoelen vastgesteld voor de Friese taal en cultuur.
3.De algemene maatregel van bestuur wordt aan de beide kamers der Staten-Generaal overgelegd. Een maatregel treedt niet in werking dan nadat vier weken na de overlegging zijn verstreken

Quotation in English: Primary Education Act
Section 9. Contents education
(…)
8. The education is provided in Dutch. Wherever in addition to the Dutch language, the Frisian language or a regional language is actually being used, the Frisian language or the regional language may be used as well in the education. Regarding day-care and connection to the Dutch education of pupils with a non-Dutch cultural background, the language of the country of origin can be used in the education, in accordance with a conduct established by authorities.
Secondary Education Act
Section 6a. Language
Education is provided and exams are taken in the Dutch language. Diverging from the first sentence, another language can be used:
a. when it concerns education regarding that language, or
b. if the specific nature, the organization or the quality of the education, or the origin of the participants necessitates to that end, in accordance with a conduct established by authorities.


Section 11e. Frisian
1. In compliance with the core objectives determined to that purpose, at schools in the Province of Friesland shall also be given education in the Frisian language and culture, unless Provincial Executive has granted exemption of this commitment at the request of the authority.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): WET van 2 juli 1981, houdende Wet op het basisonderwijs
WET van 14 februari 1963 tot regeling van het voortgezet onderwijs.

3.1.2 Please state which languages are used as mediums of language instruction.

3.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 3.1: Comments concerning 3.3


Regarding languages of instruction in secondary schools, only the Dutch language is mentioned in the legislation. The Frisian language is only mentioned with respect to education in the Frisian language and culture, as a course, rather than medium of instruction.


Source: http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002399/volledig/geldigheidsdatum_30-12-2009#Opschrift

3.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in primary schools?

Yes

3.2.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: WET van 2 juli 1981, houdende Wet op het basisonderwijs
Het onderwijs wordt zodanig ingericht dat daarbij op structurele en herkenbare wijze aandacht wordt besteed aan het bestrijden van achterstanden in het bijzonder in de beheersing van de Nederlandse taal, waarin ook door middel van vroegschoolse educatie kan worden voorzien.
. Op de scholen in de provincie Fryslân wordt tevens onderwijs gegeven in de Friese taal, tenzij gedeputeerde staten op verzoek van het bevoegd gezag ontheffing van deze verplichting hebben verleend.
10. Het onderwijs wordt gegeven in het Nederlands. Daar waar naast de Nederlandse taal, de Friese taal of een streektaal in levend gebruik is, kan de Friese taal of de streektaal mede als voertaal bij het onderwijs worden gebruikt.
1. Burgemeester en wethouders dragen er zorg voor dat er in een gemeente voldoende voorzieningen in aantal en spreiding zijn waar kinderen met een risico op een achterstand in de Nederlandse taal, als bedoeld in artikel 167, eerste lid, deel kunnen nemen aan voorschoolse educatie die voldoet aan de bij of krachtens de artikelen 1.50b en 2.8 van de Wet kinderopvang en kwaliteitseisen peuterspeelzalen vastgestelde bepalingen.


 

Quotation in English: Secondary Education Act
Section 6a. Language
Education is provided and exams are taken in the Dutch language. Diverging from the first sentence, another language can be used:
a. when it concerns education regarding that language, or
b. if the specific nature, the organization or the quality of the education, or the origin of the participants necessitates to that end, in accordance with a conduct established by authorities.


Section 11e. Frisian
1. In compliance with the core objectives determined to that purpose, at schools in the Province of Friesland shall also be given education in the Frisian language and culture, unless Provincial Executive has granted exemption of this commitment at the request of the authority.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): WET van 2 juli 1981, houdende Wet op het basisonderwijs

3.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.3 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official language(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

Yes

3.3.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: WET van 14 februari 1963 tot regeling van het voortgezet onderwijs, Het onderwijs wordt gegeven en de examens worden afgenomen in het Nederlands. In afwijking van de eerste volzin kan een andere taal worden gebezigd:
a. wanneer het onderwijs met betrekking tot die taal betreft, of
b. indien de specifieke aard, de inrichting of de kwaliteit van het onderwijs dan wel de herkomst van de deelnemers daartoe noodzaakt, overeenkomstig een door het bevoegd gezag vastgestelde gedragscode.


Artikel 11e. Fries
1.Op scholen in de provincie Fryslân wordt met inachtneming van de daarvoor vastgestelde kerndoelen tevens onderwijs gegeven in de Friese taal en cultuur, tenzij Gedeputeerde Staten op verzoek van het bevoegd gezag ontheffing van deze verplichting hebben verleend.
2.Bij algemene maatregel van bestuur worden kerndoelen vastgesteld voor de Friese taal en cultuur.
3.De algemene maatregel van bestuur wordt aan de beide kamers der Staten-Generaal overgelegd. Een maatregel treedt niet in werking dan nadat vier weken na de overlegging zijn verstreken.

Quotation in English: Secondary Education Act
Section 6a. Language
Education is provided and exams are taken in the Dutch language. Diverging from the first sentence, another language can be used:
a. when it concerns education regarding that language, or
b. if the specific nature, the organization or the quality of the education, or the origin of the participants necessitates to that end, in accordance with a conduct established by authorities.


Section 11e. Frisian
1. In compliance with the core objectives determined to that purpose, at schools in the Province of Friesland shall also be given education in the Frisian language and culture, unless Provincial Executive has granted exemption of this commitment at the request of the authority.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): WET van 14 februari 1963 tot regeling van het voortgezet onderwijs,

3.3.2 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

3.3.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.3.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

3.4 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the use of the official or other languages as mediums of instruction in secondary schools?

No

3.4.1 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

3.4.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

3.4.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4. Instruction in and use of languages at university level

4.1 Is there any regulation in your country that gives the official langauge(s) a declared status as mediums of instruction at university level?

Yes

4.1.1 Please state which languages are used as languages of instruction.

4.1.2 Quote the relevant legislation in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: WET van 8 oktober 1992, houdende bepalingen met betrekking tot het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek
Titel 1. Het onderwijs, de examens en de promoties
Paragraaf 1. Het onderwijs en de examens
Artikel 7.2. Taal
Het onderwijs wordt gegeven en de examens worden afgenomen in het Nederlands. In afwijking van de eerste volzin kan een andere taal worden gebezigd:
a. wanneer het een opleiding met betrekking tot die taal betreft,
b. wanneer het onderwijs betreft dat in het kader van een gastcollege door een anderstalige docent gegeven wordt, of
c. indien de specifieke aard, de inrichting of de kwaliteit van het onderwijs dan wel de herkomst van de studenten daartoe noodzaakt, overeenkomstig een door het instellingsbestuur vastgestelde gedragscode.

Quotation in English: Higher Education and Scientific Research Act
Section 7.2. Language
Education is given and exams are taken in the Dutch language. Diverging from the first sentence, another language can be used:
a. when it concerns an educational programme regarding that language,
b. when it concerns education given by a non-native teacher within the framework of a guest lecture, or
c. if the specific nature, the organization or the quality of the education, or the origin of the students necessitates to that end, in accordance with a conduct established by authorities

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): WET van 8 oktober 1992, houdende bepalingen met betrekking tot het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek

4.1.3 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.1.4 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.2 Are there any (national, regional, local, or other) regulations about the language in which bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral courses and programs should be taught?

No

4.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.2 Are there other (regional or local) regulations concerning the language of instruction in university research programs?

No

4.2.2 Please quote the relevant article(s) in the original language and in English, including the exact reference.

4.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.3 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.3.1 What percentage of the master’s programs in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 51-75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.2 What percentage of the master’s programs for the humanities in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 26-50%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.3 What percentage of the master’s programs for social sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

Between 51-75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.4 What percentage of the master’s programs for mathematics and natural sciences in the five selected universities is taught in English?

More than 75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.3.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.3: The answers are form 2010. Ther was no coccasion to make a new investigation this time.
So I quote the previous investigater:
"
The Netherlands has 13 universities – nine offer education in a broad range of disciplines; three specialise in engineering; and one specialises in agriculture.
(Source: http://www.postgrad.ie/study_abroad/netherlands.html)


I have selected five universities which have a large number of students and offer a wide range of subjects: Leiden University, University of Groningen, Utrecht University, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam.
Sources of information:
- The websites of the universities in question
- Leiden University: required information cannot be easily found on the website, as they list all separate specialisations, rather than the general master programmes. The Department Information (Voorlichting) has provided me with the information requested.


I was not entirely sure whether I should include of exclude secondary teacher training (“lerarenopleidingen”). I calculated the percentages both including and excluding secondary teacher training (see Table 1 and 2 below). In each case the answers fall within the same answer category. Including or excluding secondary teacher training does not yield different answers to question 4.3, 4.31, 4.3.2 and 4.3.3.


Humanities Social Sciences Mathematics & natural sciences
Excl. leraren 99 / 219 = 45.2% Excl. leraren 128 / 207 = 61.8% Excl. leraren 106 / 112 = 94.6%
Incl. leraren 103 / 269 = 38.3% Incl. leraren 127 / 223 = 57.0% Incl. leraren 106 / 132 = 80.3%
Table 1: Ratio number of master’s programs taught in English / total number of master’s programs, for Humanities, Social Sciences and Mathematics and natural sciences.


Total
Excl. leraren 375 / 601 = 62.4%
Incl. leraren 376 / 699 = 53.8%
Table 2: Ratio number of master’s programs taught in English / total number of master’s programs of the five universities selected
"

4.4 Select the five biggest universities of your country (by means of number of students) covering all academic fields (humanities, social sciences and natural sciences).

4.4.1 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in your country that are written in English?

Between 51-75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.2 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the humanities in your country that are written in English?

Between 51-75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.3 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the social sciences in your country that are written in English?

More than 75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.4 What is the overall percentage of the PhD dissertations in the mathematics and natural sciences in your country that are written in English?

More than 75%

No answer
Between 0-25%
Between 26-50%
Between 51-75%
More than 75%

4.4.5 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.4: There was no time to make a new investigation:
So I quote the previous investigator: "
Comments on question 4.4


In 2008 3,187 PhD dissertations have been written in the Netherlands.
(Source: http://www.minocw.nl/documenten/bestel_in_beeld_LR.pdf,
http://www.vsnu.nl/Universiteiten/Feiten-Cijfers/Onderzoek/Aantal-promoties.htm )
I have not been able to find a document stating which percentage of the PhD dissertations is written in English.
In order to answer questions 4.4, 4.4.1, 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 I have investigated how many of the dissertations of University of Groningen, Utrecht University, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam in 2008 are written in English. The results are presented in Table 3:


Humanities Social sciences Mathematics and natural sciences Total number of PhD dissertations
University of Groningen 11 / 28 = 39.3% 34 / 43 = 79.1% 113 / 113 = 100% In 2008: 306 total
In 2007: 321 total
Utrecht University 24 van 36 = 66.7% 34 / 41 = 82.9% 130 / 136 = 95.6% In 2007: 438 total
University of Amsterdam 22 van 48 = 45.8% 36 / 45 = 80.0% 82 / 83 = 98.8% In 2008: 353 total
In 2007: 323 total
VU 6 van 12 = 50.0% 56 / 62 = 90.3% 66 / 66 = 100% In 2008: 264 total
In 2007: 269 total
Total 63/124 = 50.8% 160 / 191 = 83.8% 391 / 398 = 98.2%
Table 3: Ratio number of PhD dissertations written in English / total number of PhD dissertations in 2008, subdivided according to university and field of research


Remark: As the average percentage for Humanities is 50.8%, I have selected the category 50%-75%. However, the percentage is just over 50%, which is also very close to the category 25%-50%.
"

4.5 Are there any regulations about the language in which a PhD (doctoral) dissertation should be written?

No

4.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

4.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation autorized?

4.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.6 If PhD dissertations can be written In English, is it compulsory to add a summary in the official language or one of the official languages of your country?

No

4.6.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

4.6.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

4.6.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

4.7 Are there any established scientific journals in your country partly or fully published in the official language(s)?

Yes

4.7.1 In what scientific fields are those journals?

4.7.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.7: I couldn't answer this question in a reliable way in the short time available. (Ellen Fernhout)

4.8 Do foreign students who wish to sign up for a course (conducted in your country’s official language) at a university in your country have to pass a language proficiency test (in your country´s official language) prior to registration?

Yes

4.8.1 How many universities selected under 4.3 require foreign students (seeking to sign up for a course conducted in your country’s official language) to pass a special language proficiency test (in your country’s official language) prior to registration?

4.8.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 4.8: Most universities accept the following the following exams as proof of proficiency in Dutch:


NT2, programma 2 (Dutch as a second language, level 2). Certificaat Nederlands als Vreemde Taal: ‘Profiel Academische Taalvaardigheid’ (PAT) or "Profiel Taalvaardigheid Hoger Onderwijs" (PTHO).

5. Media

5.1 Are there any daily papers written in a language other than your country’s official language(s) that are produced in your country and distributed nationwide or in a substantial part of the nation?

No

5.1.1 Please list the papers.

5.1.2 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.2 Has/have the official language(s) of your country a declared status as a medium of communication in the public service contracts with radio and/or TV broadcasters in your country?

Yes

5.2.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Artikel 2.122
1.Op elk televisieprogrammakanaal van de landelijke en regionale publieke mediadienst bestaat het programma-aanbod voor ten minste vijftig procent van de duur uit oorspronkelijk Nederlands- of Friestalige producties.

Quotation in English: Media Act
Section 2.122
1. On every television programme channel of the national and regional public media services, at least fifty per cent of the duration of the programmes offered exist of originally Dutch- or Frisian-language productions.

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Wet van 29 december 2008 tot vaststelling van een nieuwe Mediawet (Mediawet 2008)
Hoofdstuk 2. Publieke mediadiensten
Paragraaf 2.5.4.2. Nederlands- en Friestalige producties
Artikel 2.122

5.2.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

5.2.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.3 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for adults?

5.3.1 Broadcast in original language

Rarely/never

5.3.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.3.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Rarely/never

5.3.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Mostly/always

5.3.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.3.6 Other:

5.3.7 Other:

5.4 How do public service television and film distributors in your country generally deal with languages other than your country’s official language(s) when broadcasting foreign films for children?

5.4.1 Broadcast in original language

Rarely/never

5.4.2 Broadcast in original language with voice-over

Rarely/never

5.4.3 Broadcast with dubbing

Mostly/always

5.4.4 Broadcast with subtitles

Sometimes

5.4.5 Dual-channel sound (broadcast in two languages)

Rarely/never

5.4.6 Other:

5.4.7 Other:

5.4.8 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

5.5 Is there any legal/official regulation in your country concerning the amount of radio broadcasting popular and folk vocal music in the official language(s)?

Yes

5.5.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

Quotation in original language: Artikel 6.23
1.Onze Minister, handelend in overeenstemming met het gevoelen van de ministerraad, wijst de frequentieruimte in de FM-band aan die wordt gebruikt voor het verspreiden van radioprogramma-aanbod dat overwegend bestaat uit Nederlandstalige muziek. Bij ministeriële regeling wordt nader omschreven in welke gevallen radioprogramma-aanbod aan deze eis voldoet.

Quotation in English: Section 6.23
1. Our Minister, acting in accordance with the views of the Council of Ministers, shall designate the frequency space in the FM band used to broadcast radio programmes mainly consisting of Dutch-language music. A ministerial regulation will specify in more detail in what cases radio programmes satisfy this requirement

Reference (name of the law, article number, date): Wet van 29 december 2008 tot vaststelling van een nieuwe Mediawet (Mediawet 2008)
Hoofdstuk 6. Bijzondere bepalingen over politieke partijen, overheid, beperkte omroepdiensten, omroepzenders, omroepnetwerken en frequentieruimte
Afdeling 6.3.2. Gebruik frequentieruimte
Artikel 6.23

5.5.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

Not authorized

5.5.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6. Business

6.1 Is there a legal/official regulation in your country concerning the use of languages in industry, commerce, business or other working environments?

No

6.1.1 Please quote the relevant article(s), including the exact reference.

6.1.2 Is the English translation of the quotation authorised?

6.1.3 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.2 In which languages are the companies´ annual reports written in your country? List the ten largest companies (by number of employees). The companies should have their main location in your country and be a major employer.

Company name and status:: Royal Dutch Shell

Rated use of languages:: English, Dutch

Company name and status:: ING Group

Rated use of languages:: English, Dutch

Company name and status:: Aegon

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: EADS

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: LyondellBasell Industries

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: Royal Ahold

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: Royal Philips Elecronics

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: Rabobank Group

Rated use of languages:: Dutch, English

Company name and status:: Gas terra

Rated use of languages:: Dutch, English

Company name and status:: Heineken Holding

Rated use of languages:: eNGLISH, dUTCH

6.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

6.3 What are the official website languages of those ten companies?

Company name and status:: Royal Dutch Shel

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: ING Group

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: Aegon

Rated use of languages:: English, Dutch

Company name and status:: EADS

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: LyondellBasell Industries

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: Royal Ahold

Rated use of languages:: English

Company name and status:: Royal philips Electroncis

Rated use of languages:: A lot of languages

Company name and status:: Rabobank Group

Rated use of languages:: English Dutch

Company name and status:: Gas Terra

Rated use of languages:: Dutch, English

Company name and status:: Heineken Holding

Rated use of languages:: English, Dutch

6.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7. Dissemination of official languages abroad

7.1 In how many foreign countries around the world (where your country’s language is not an official language) is there an opportunity of obtaining a master’s degree in your country’s official language as a field of study?

11-25 countries

7.1.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

7.2 Please indicate the number of universities worldwide where students can obtain a master’s degree in your country’s official language. (Exclude countries where your official language is an official language.)

11-25 countries

7.2.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

Comments on 7.1: Belgie 2 (50)
Duitsland 6 (180)
Engeland 2 ( 4)
Frankrijk 6 (56
Hongarije 1
Itallie 2 (14)
Kroatie 1 (12)
Noorwegen 1 (2)
Oostenrijk 1 (16)
Rusland 2 (9)
Spanje 2 (23)
Tsjechie 2 (46)
Zweden 1 (1)
Zwitserland 1 (9)
Zuid-Afrika 5 (30)






Belgie 2 (50)
Duitsland 6 (180)
Engeland 2 ( 4)
Frankrijk 6 (56
Hongarije 1
Itallie 2 (14)
Kroatie 1 (12)
Noorwegen 1 (2)
Oostenrijk 1 (16)
Rusland 2 (9)
Spanje 2 (23)
Tsjechie 2 (46)
Zweden 1 (1)
Zwitserland 1 (9)
Zuid-Afrika 5 (30)






Belgie 2 (50)
Duitsland 6 (180)
Engeland 2 ( 4)
Frankrijk 6 (56
Hongarije 1
Itallie 2 (14)
Kroatie 1 (12)
Noorwegen 1 (2)
Oostenrijk 1 (16)
Rusland 2 (9)
Spanje 2 (23)
Tsjechie 2 (46)
Zweden 1 (1)
Zwitserland 1 (9)
Zuid-Afrika 5 (30)

7.3 Which languages are officially taught as foreign languages in your country’s primary and/or secondary schools?

Arabic: Secondary school

English: Primary school / Secondary school

French: Secondary school

German: Secondary school

Italian: Secondary school

Russian: Secondary school

Spanish: Secondary school

Turkish: Secondary school

7.3.1 Comments on question, explanation of answers, sources

8. Language organisations

8.1 What are the most important public, non-governmental but publicly funded, and private organisations for your country’s official language(s) and for the other indigenous languages?

8.1.1

Name (official and English translation): Nederlandse Taalunie

Language(s):: Dutch

Mission: : policy with respect to the Dutch language
Mission:
The Dutch Language Union is an organization in which The Netherlands, Flanders and Suriname
combine their strengths to serve the Dutch language, the teaching of it and its literature.
Ministers stipulate policy; members of parliament monitor it and a council of specialists gives
advice. Policies are prepared and implemented by a general secretariat which works closely
together with various commissions and working parties.
The aim of the Language Union is to support users of Dutch around the world so that the language can continue to be as dynamic and vigorous as it is today. The Language Union’s most important tasks are the language itself, Dutch in digital applications, the teaching in and of Dutch, literature and encouraging reading, and the position of Dutch in Europe and around the world.

Relation to national government:: Intergouvermental organisation

Activities:: Activities: five domains:
- Language and language devices
- Language and technology
- Education in and of the Dutch language
- Position of Dutch in other countries
- Literature and reading

URL:: http://taalunie.org/

Structure:: Public

8.1.2

ame (official and English translation): Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie or INL), The Institute for Dutch Lexicology

Language(s):: Dutch

Mission: : The Institute for Dutch Lexicology in Leiden collects and studies these Dutch words, stores them in databases - along with various additional data - and uses them to make scholarly dictionaries.
The Dutch HLT Agency (TST-Centrale) manages and preserves digital language resources and facilitates their availability. By using state-of-the-art techniques the INL presents itself as a dynamic, innovative organisation.
Increasingly more INL products are available through the Internet, making the treasury of the Dutch language accessible to all.

Relation to national government:: The Institute is financed by the Nederlandse taalunie

Activities:: The INL's main activities concern lexicology and lexicography: studying Dutch vocabulary and compiling dictionaries. It compiles collections of texts of the different language periods of Dutch (corpora) which are tagged with linguistic information. Between 1998 and 2004 the Spoken Dutch Corpus (Corpus Gesproken Nederlands; CGN) was constructed, a corpus of contemporary Dutch as spoken by adults in Flanders and the Netherlands. The corpus was completed in March 2004 under the resposnibility if the Nederlandse Taalunie..
On the basis of these corpora the INL develops various linguistic products.
the Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek (an online dictionary of present-day Dutch),
the Etymological Dictionary of Dutch, the Old Dutch dictionary, and the Early Middle Dutch dictionary.

URL:: inl.nl

Comments:: Dutch-Flemish organisation

Structure:: Publicly founded

8.1.3

ame (official and English translation): Genootschap Onze taal

Language(s):: Dutch

Mission: : Het Genootschap Onze Taal is an association founded in 1931. Currently, the main interests of Het Genootschap is to advance sensible use of the Dutch language and provide its users with more knowledge and understanding of the language.

Relation to national government:: governmental institutions sometimes make use of the services of Het Genootschap Onze Taal

Activities:: Het Genootschap is an association for people interested in and/or with a passion for languages. Het Genootschap provides them, ten times a year, with a magazine (‘Onze Taal’) consisting of articles about all aspects of language, both well-grounded and pleasant to read. Furthermore, Het Genootschap offers a Language Advice Service. The goal of this service, which started in 1985, is to answer questions of companies, institutions and individuals about the Dutch language.
In addition to that, Het Genootschap provides information about the Dutch language by means of conferences, books, calendars, cd-roms, their website and electronic newsletter. Twice a year Het Genootschap organises a conference. The electronic newsletter, called Taalpost, appears three times a week.

URL:: onzetaal.nl

Comments:: Dutch organisation

Structure:: Private

8.1.4

8.1.5

8.1.6

8.1.7

8.1.8

8.1.9

8.1.10 Feel free to add futher